Handicaps and Special Needs Essay

Impairments and Special Needs individuals are the individuals who are not considered â€Å"normal† in light of their physical (visual deficiency), (mental hindrance), engine (incapable to walk appropriately) or Auditory Perception Disability (â€Å"difficulty recognizing unobtrusive contrasts in shapes, turning around letters like â€Å"d† and â€Å"b† or â€Å"p and â€Å"q†, or befuddling â€Å"E† and â€Å"3. â€Å"). Incapacity can be mellow or extreme. On account of their handicaps they might be not able to perform assignments, even basic routine ones like eating, strolling or scrubbing down without help from others. Help might be as help broadened like when a kin will enable a visually impaired sibling to arrive at certain goal by holding his hand or as alteration to suit their handicap like schools for intellectually hindered youngsters were exceptionally structured in a way that intellectually debilitated individual can get a handle on specific exercises. Incapacities might be gained during childbirth or certain time of life when they meet mishaps or created disease. This article will talk about on three instances of incapacitated and uncommon needs. One case of impediment as refered to above is visual impairment (physical inability). Visual impairment obviously implies that an individual can't see. It is a lot simpler to guide and helps an individual who isn't visually impaired from birth. By then he definitely knows a great deal of things, he knew the shading red or how a tree looks or he can recognize a dairy animals from a lion without the need of contacting. He can undoubtedly wander around the house or other natural spots with no help. For a visually impaired individual during childbirth, then again, it might be troublesome from the outset since they had never observed the things around them so they don't have any psychological picture. For them, contacting, tuning in and tasting are fundamental for learning (â€Å"Blindness† 1995). He never recognized what circle is so his hands need to contact a circle. On account of Helen Keller, the renowned visually impaired lady, Anne Sullivan instructed her what water was by letting water get down to her hands. To assist them with learning letters in order, Braille was concocted wherein the letters were spoken to as dabs. With tolerance and determination be that as it may, a visually impaired individual, even those brought into the world visually impaired, can live and appreciate a typical existence with least help from others. A case of individuals with uncommon requirements is the medically introverted (learning handicap). Clinical specialists characterize Autism as a formative issue brought about by the imperfect working of the mind. This issue is portrayed by inability to communicate socially (don't play with different children), disappointment in the utilization of language (powerlessness to figure out how to talk) and taking part in tedious and fanatical practices (playing with a specific toy for a considerable length of time or steady whirling and turning). Medically introverted people have constrained interests and exercises and they generally unfit to comprehend enthusiastic signs like outrage or misery and they don't react when their names are called. On the off chance that guardians are perceptive they can distinguish that their kid is medically introverted even as youthful as year and a half. Their initial admonition signs are their failure to look or react to cooing properly like most children do. Different signs that a youngster is medically introverted are: reiteration of specific words or expressions when they are scared or upset, pulling of their hair to imply that they are harmed or withdrawal from communication with others, even with guardians; they like to be distant from everyone else and to â€Å"create their own world†, whatever that might be (â€Å"Pervasive† 2007). Guardians of these youngsters should be taught how to react appropriately to this kids and treatment and discourse guidelines are regularly suggested for a mentally unbalanced individual. Particular schools are likewise accessible for them. A third case of impaired is engine handicap because of failure to utilize certain muscle bunches coming about to trouble in strolling, running or climbing (engine incapacity). This might be a gentle from of incapacity and wherein muscle treatment or prescription is expected to fix the issue (An Introduction† p. 2). The point of any ordinary individual is to make living and working open for these kinds of individuals with the goal that they likewise will be managed open doors for typical living. References â€Å"An Introduction to Special Needs†(2007). Recovered October 1, 2007 from http://serch. cofc. edu/extraordinary/IntroductionToSpecialNeeds. pdf â€Å"Blindness†(1995). Children Health. Recovered October 1, 2007 from http://www. kidshealth. organization/kid/health_problems/sight/visual_impaired. html â€Å"Pervasive Developmental Disorder†(2007). National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke. Recovered October 1,2007 from http://www. ninds. nih. gov/clutters/pdd/pdd. htm#Is_there_any_treatment

China & Art Essay Example for Free

China Art Essay China is likely the most persuasive and incredible human advancement in Asia and is a decent wellspring of an extremely rich social and masterful legacy. In its initial hundreds of years, Buddhism, as the significant religion of China has had an extraordinary impact in the country’s aesthetic symbolism. Other artistic expressions that flourished during this period were painting and calligraphy. It is likewise during this early timeframes that China concocted probably the best commitment to craftsmanship and to the world †paper. Early in during this period, the Chinese made what they called the mingqi. These are etched figures of fighters, specialists, performers, and furthermore of normal articles that individuals need and utilize, for example, houses, wells, ovens, and that's only the tip of the iceberg. This is in part of their conviction that much after death they would even now require those things and keep living their typical schedules as when they were as yet alive. A portion of the early evidences of Buddhism in China were the carvings of Buddhist Images on the bluffs at Kungwangshan in Jiangsu Province. These pictures were gone back to around the second century. At around 100 A. D. the Chinese had begun chipping away at creating paper. Cloth paper (most likely the primary types of paper) that was found was dated to as ahead of schedule as the second century B. C. The primary hemp paper anyway that had works on it were dated to around 109 A. D. Cai Lun was one of those individuals who helped built up the strategy for mass-delivering paper produced using tree husk, hemp and material. It was by the third century that paper had been broadly utilized in China. China additionally has a lot of Ceramics. Clay items that hailed from the territories of Zhejiang and Jiangsu are generally appreciated. These regions likewise had notoriety in the formation of entombment urns molded like creatures. The period from 220 to 265 A. D. was the time of the Three Kingdoms. Known for its Chivalric and Romantic nature, it turned into the setting and motivation of one of China’s most loved recorded novel. Composed by Luo Guanzhong entitled Sanguo zhi yanyi (Romance of the Three Kingdoms) was distributed during the fourteenth century. Towards the finish of these initial 5 centuries at 317 to 420 A. D. , human expressions prospered significantly more in China especially at Nanjing in Jiangsu Province. It was likewise the time of advancement of Chinese writing. Some significant Chinese characters that emerged from that time were Wang Xizhi for calligraphy, Gu Kaizhi for figure painting, and Tao Qian (otherwise known as Tao Yuanming) for verse. What's more, at the fifth century Xie He composed the Guhua pinlu (Classification of Ancient Painters). Being one of the most celebrated Chinese pundits, he composed this book expressing six laws which he believes are the acceptable qualities of a show-stopper and the individual who made it. His thoughts have been perceived and considered in Chinese work of art from that point onward. End It is very clear that in the three East Asian Cultures that were examined, it appears that the Chinese truly had a great deal to contribute as far as making craftsmanship and understanding workmanship during the antiquated occasions. What's more, these commitments and thoughts are as yet clear even to the current day. Let us not neglect to consider that other Asian societies additionally had their own persuasions and commitments to , Asia and the World yet China likely simply had the most compelling ones since they were presumably the first in doing and creating numerous things likewise thinking about how enormous and ground-breaking the Chinese progress is. In searching for a shared trait, it appeared that each of the three had a lot of fired and ceramics make. Normally, they didn't yet have plastic in those days and they were still very new to metals which was the reason earth would be the fundamental material they would almost certainly use in making things. They likewise had an alternate use for some earthenware; they utilized a few urns as kind of final resting places in which they put their dead. In comprehension today’s culture, it is acceptable to think back and comprehend the old types of craftsmanship that had an extraordinary job in the improvement of a culture and how it impacts other encompassing societies up to the current days. Works Cited China, 1â€500 A. D. . In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000â€. http://www. metmuseum. organization/toah/ht/05/eac/ht05eac. htm (October 2000)Haniwa Boar [Japan] (1975. 268. 418). In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000â€. http://www. metmuseum. organization/toah/ho/05/eaj/ho_1975. 268. 418. htm (October 2006) Japan, 1â€500 A. D. . In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000â€. http://www. metmuseum. organization/toah/ht/05/eaj/ht05eaj. htm (October 2000) Korea, 1â€500 A. D. . In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000â€. http://www. metmuseum. organization/toah/ht/05/eak/ht05eak. htm (October 2000)

How Long Does Marijuana Stay in Your System

How Long Does Marijuana Stay in Your System Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Print How Long Does Marijuana Stay in Your System? Marijuana in Your Blood, Urine, Hair, Saliva By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 19, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 27, 2019 More in Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Cocaine Heroin Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand Effects Duration Detection Times Elimination Symptoms of Overdose Getting Help View All Back To Top The effects of marijuana fade quickly, but the drug  can be detected in the body for weeks and sometimes longer. The amount of time the active ingredients and breakdown products of weed remain in the system can range from a few hours to 90 days, depending on how often or how much marijuana the person has been using. Although a number of states in the U.S. have active medical marijuana laws and recreational use of marijuana for adults over the age of 21 is legal in 11 states, Washington, DC, the  Northern Mariana Islands, and Guam, the federal government continues to classify marijuana as a Schedule I controlled substance. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), roughly 1 in 10 people who use marijuana will become addictedâ€"and these rates rise to 1 in 6 if they start using the drug prior to age 18. The FDA has not yet approved medical marijuana for any medical indication, but it is often prescribed for chronic pain, nausea, HIV, multiple sclerosis, glaucoma, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Verywell / JR Bee What to Know About Marijuana Use How Long Does It Take to Feel the Effects? The effects of marijuana can vary from person to person. Some people may feel euphoric and relaxed while others feel anxious and paranoid. In other cases, people report feeling dopey and experience a loss of interest in activities or an inability to grasp concepts. The chemical in marijuana that makes you feel high  is tetrahydrocannabinol, also called delta-9-THC or simply THC. It enters the bodys bloodstream rapidly after smoking marijuana. If marijuana is ingested orally rather than smoked, it takes longer to be absorbed into the blood, usually from 20 minutes to an hour and a half, but this can vary based on the amount taken as well as physiological factors such as absorption and rates of metabolism and excretion can influence drug concentrations in circulation.?? Effects can be far-ranging depending on the strain, method of consumption, and amount and can include the following: Dry mouthSwollen eyelidsBloodshot eyesPleasurable body sensationsIncreased appetite (the munchies)RelaxationStimulationDistorted perception  (sights, sounds, time, touch)Loss of coordinationTrouble with thinking, memory, and problem-solvingIncreased heart rate The short-term effects of marijuana on memory, learning, problem-solving, and coordination last for one to two hours, with some lingering effects for up to 24 hours.?? Its been shown to impair your driving performance for up to three hours, according to the National Highway Safety Administration. The effects of marijuana are also influenced by the terpene profiles of a given strain. For instance, citrus terpene profiles tend to be more stimulating, which may be the desired effect, or may contribute to someone feeling anxious. It is important to know that not all marijuana is created equal. Unlike other prescription drugs, marijuana products arent standardized and can vary considerably in quality, makeup, and dosage. This variance may contribute to how quickly you feel the effects and what those effects are. THC can interact with alcohol,  blood thinners, and  anti-anxiety medications, so its important to discuss your marijuana use with your doctor. What a Marijuana High Feels Like How Long Does Marijuana Last? The half-life of marijuana is how long it takes for half of the drug to be metabolized and eliminated from the bloodstream. While there are many different cannabinoids, THC is the one most drug tests are looking for. THC is rapidly broken down and modified into molecules known as metabolites. At least 80 different metabolites are formed from THC and may have their own effects on the bodys endocannabinoid system. These metabolites are stored in body fat and are gradually eliminated from the body through feces and urine. Some THC metabolites have an elimination half-life of 20 hours whereas others are stored in body fat and have an elimination half-life of 10 to 13 days.?? It takes five to six half-lives for a substance to be almost entirely eliminated. This is why you see advice that one-time use is probably not detectable after five to eight days. Blood and Saliva Because marijuana stays in the bloodstream for only a short time, blood tests for marijuana are usually not used. The exceptions are in the case of automobile accidents and some roadside sobriety checkpoints. Blood or saliva tests can show current intoxication. However, unlike blood alcohol concentration tests, they do not indicate a level of intoxication or impairment. Hair Daily or near-daily cannabis consumption is likely, but not always, detectable by a hair test up to three months later. But, the hair test is not reliably able to detect infrequent cannabis use or determine the amount of cannabis used.?? Urine Urine tests for marijuana metabolites also only show recent marijuana use, not current intoxication or impairment. This is because of the time required between use and your body breaking down THC to the metabolites that are eliminated in the urine. Because many employers have a zero-tolerance for drug use, most workplaces use urine tests to detect recent use of drugs. False Positive Testing Workplace testing for marijuana might entail first screening the sample with an immunoassay test, known as the EMIT or RIA. If positive results are returned, the sample is again screened with a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GCMS), which is much more accurate and so false positives are rare.?? No known substances would cause a marijuana urine test to return a false positive. At one time, ibuprofen (sold over-the-counter as Advil, Motrin, and Nuprin) would cause false marijuana positives. But todays tests have been adjusted to eliminate that problem. In places where marijuana is legal, roadside blood tests have been known to show some false positives in people who had been legally consuming cannabis but were not actively intoxicated at the time of the test. A 2016 report detailed a Belgian policy of testing oral fluid at the roadside that found it decreased these types of false positives.?? Factors That Affect Detection Time The length of time marijuana remains in your body depends on many different factors, including frequency of use, body mass, metabolism, sex, and hydration levels. Frequency of Use There is some evidence that the length of time that marijuana remains in the body is affected by how often the person uses marijuana, how much they use, and how long they have been using. People who use marijuana regularly have reported positive drug test results after 45 days since last use, and people who use more heavily have reported positive tests up to 90 days after quitting. In a 2017 study of 136 people who use cannabis subjected to hair tests, the presence of five cannabinoids, THC, THC-OH, THC-COOH, cannabinol, and cannabidiol, were present in 77% of the heavy users and 39% of the light users.?? Sex Women often metabolize THC at a slightly slower rate since they tend to have higher levels of body fat than male counterparts. Metabolism The faster your metabolism, which can be impacted by age, physical activity, and certain health conditions, the faster marijuana will exit your body.   Body Mass Index (BMI) THC metabolites are often stored in the fat cells in your body, so the higher your body fat (or BMI), the slower youll likely be able to metabolize and excrete marijuana. Hydration When youre dehydrated, youll have more concentrations of THC in the body. Flooding yourself with water wont make you pass a drug test, however. Instead, it will dilute it and youll likely need to retake the test. Smoking vs. Vaping vs. Edibles The method of use also impacts the detection time. If marijuana is smoked or vaped, the THC levels in the body will drop faster than if you ingest it. Edibles take longer to break down in the body and leave your system. How to Get Marijuana Out of Your System Many employers have a  workplace drug policy  that includes random drug testing for current employees and  routine testing  for all new job applicants. If you are required to take a urine test on short notice for employment or other purposes and you have recently smoked marijuana, you are probably going to fail the test. This is particularly true if your use is regular or heavy. You can be fired for failing a drug test even in states where the recreational use of marijuana has been legalized. The only completely reliable way of passing the test is to stop smoking or ingesting marijuana or cannabis products. Although you will see many tips on how to beat a marijuana drug test, most have proven to be urban legends. Some of these questionable  techniques include the following. Washing Your System Out This method entails drinking a lot of water or liquids and urinating several times before the test, then taking vitamin B-12 to add color back to the urine. Although this may lower the percentage of THC found in the urine by diluting it, it will not totally eliminate THC metabolites. Some people will also try to exercise before the test, but that can actually backfire, depending on the test, as it can release stored THC from fat into the blood, according to one study in the journal Drug and Alcohol Dependence.?? Using Drug Screening Agents Some companies sell various substances and herbal teas that are allegedly capable of cleaning the bodys system of traces of marijuana. There is little evidence that any of them actually work. The catch is that most of them have to be used over an extended period of time, during which the body will naturally eliminate THC anyway. Tampering With the Test This involves adding something to the urine to contaminate the sample. There are tales of using Visine, bleach, salt, or detergent to the urine sample, but these items are easily detected by the lab. Several commercial products are sold as urine test adulterants, but none are 100% foolproof. All of them can be detected by the laboratory if a separate test is run for them. Symptoms of Overdose It is very difficult to physically overdose on marijuana because the lethal dose is so much higher than the effective dose. Very few marijuana overdoses have ever been reported. If someone you know has taken too much marijuana, and that is the only thing they have taken, an overdose is highly unlikely, but that doesnt mean that marijuana is not harmful.?? Psychological distress is possible as is impairment of judgment, both of which can lead to hazardous behaviors that can harm yourself and someone else. Although rare, people can experience THC toxicity when using marijuana in high doses, especially in the form of edibles. Symptoms can include: Psychosis or paranoia (or exacerbation of pre-existing mental health conditions)Uncontrollable vomitingHeart arrhythmiasSeizures If you are someone you love has a family history of mental illness, it is beneficial for you to consult your doctor before using marijuana. The concept of set and setting is also important. Since people who have taken too much marijuana can experience sensory overload, minimizing overstimulating inputs in the environment can help them to relax. Some people are also more affected by marijuana than others. Can You Overdose on Marijuana? Getting Help You may have a prescription for medical marijuana, or you may want to partake of weed or marijuana edibles in states where it is now legal for recreational use at the state level. There is a common perception that you cannot develop a physical dependence on marijuana, but this is not the case. Psychological dependence is also a consideration. If you discontinue marijuana after regular or heavy use, you may experience symptoms of withdrawal. Signs of marijuana withdrawal include: CravingsMood swingsSleep disruptionHeadachesAppetite changeWeight lossWeight gainDigestion problemsCramps or nausea after eating How Long Does Withdrawal From Marijuana Last? If you find that you cant handle symptoms of withdrawal without relapsing, you may be at risk for a substance use disorder. Do not be afraid to seek out professional support from a mental health professional. There are therapists who can help you understand your reasons for using, how cannabis use is impacting your life, and how to develop a plan to stop using if that ends up being the best choice for you. Cannabis Use Disorder Problematic Marijuana Use

Preparing to Conduct Business Research, Res351 - 1004 Words

Team C Axia College University of Phoenix 09/17/2012 RES/351 Instructor Negussie Nega Preparing to Conduct Business Research Part 1 Introduction In this paper Team C will discuss a situation within a company that requires research, hypothesis and variable. We will also go over the ethics that need to be taken into account. The situation that is being faced is the employee turnover rate is too high. This is a significant problem because it is causing the company to lose money each time they have to train a new employee. This is a great situation to research and find out what is going on, and figure out how it can be changed. The research for this will figure out why the situation seems to be that there is a high†¦show more content†¦Another may be training and development opportunities. The variables that we are looking for in this study will in some way show how to increase employee retention. When dealing with employee retention issues there may be more than one solution to fixing the issue. That is why it is important to ask the right questions during an exit interview as well as in any other form of interv iew or survey. Ethical Considerations In the issue of poor employee retention research is definitely a good way to figure out what the issues are and how to combat them. There are however, ethical matters that should be considered during the research process. Making sure that employees confidentiality is kept during the process is very important, also you want to make sure that race is not involved. It is also important to make sure that the results do not interfere with the employees that are currently employed within the company. It is important to keep the objectives clear, and to make sure that proper consent is given when necessary. Making sure that ethical considerations are taken into account are very important during any business research including finding out why there is poor employee retention. Conclusion In this paper Team C has discussed the issue of poor employee retention concluding in a high employee turnover rate. This is an issue that can be common among some companies and that is a great example of

About the United States Congress - Overview

The Congress of the United States was created by Article I, section 1, of the Constitution, adopted by the Constitutional Convention on September 17, 1787, providing that All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. The first Congress under the Constitution met on March 4, 1789, in the Federal Hall in New York City. The membership then consisted of 20 Senators and 59 Representatives. New York ratified the Constitution on July 26, 1788, but did not elect its Senators until July 15 and 16, 1789. North Carolina did not ratify the Constitution until November 21, 1789; Rhode Island ratified it on May 29, 1790. The Senate is composed of 100 Members, 2 from each State, who are elected to serve for a term of 6 years. Senators were originally chosen by the State legislatures. This procedure was changed by the 17th Amendment to the Constitution, adopted in 1913, which made the election of Senators a function of the people. There are three classes of Senators, and a new class is elected every 2 years. The House of Representatives comprises 435 Representatives. The number representing each State is determined by population, but every state is entitled to at least one Representative. Members are elected by the people for 2-year terms, all terms running for the same period. Both the Senators and the Representatives must be residents of the State from which they are chosen. In addition, a Senator must be at least 30 years of age and must have been a citizen of the United States for at least 9 years; a Representative must be at least 25 years of age and must have been a citizen for at least 7 years. [Â  How Much Do Members of Congress Really Make? ] A Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico (elected for a 4-year term) and Delegates from American Samoa, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands complete the composition of the Congress of the United States. Delegates are elected for a term of 2 years. The Resident Commissioner and Delegates may take part in the floor discussions but have no vote in the full House or in the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. They do, however, vote in the committees to which they are assigned. Officers of CongressThe Vice President of the United States is the Presiding Officer of the Senate; in his absence the duties are taken over by a President pro tempore, elected by that body, or someone designated by him. The Presiding Officer of the House of Representatives, the Speaker of the House, is elected by the House; he may designate any Member of the House to act in his absence. The positions of Senate majority and minority leader have been in existence only since the early years of the 20th century. Leaders are elected at the beginning of each new Congress by a majority vote of the Senators in their political party. In cooperation with their party organizations, leaders are responsible for the design and achievement of a legislative program. This involves managing the flow of legislation, expediting noncontroversial measures, and keeping Members informed regarding proposed action on pending business. Each leader serves as an ex officio member of his partys policymaking and organizational bodies and is aided by an assistant floor leader (whip) and a party secretary. [Â  How to Write Effective Letters to Congress ] The House leadership is structured essentially the same as the Senate, with the Members in the political parties responsible for the election of their respective leader and whips. The Secretary of the Senate, elected by vote of the Senate, performs the duties of the Presiding Officer of the Senate in the absence of the Vice President and pending the election of a President pro tempore. The Secretary is the custodian of the seal of the Senate, draws requisitions on the Secretary of the Treasury for moneys appropriated for the compensation of Senators, officers, and employees, and for the contingent expenses of the Senate, and is empowered to administer oaths to any officer of the Senate and to any witness produced before it. The Secretarys executive duties include certification of extracts from the Journal of the Senate; the attestation of bills and joint, concurrent, and Senate resolutions; in impeachment trials, issuance, under the authority of the Presiding Officer, of all orders, mandates, writs, and precepts authorized by the Senate; and certification to the President of the United States of the advice and consent of the Senate to ratification of treaties and the names of persons confirmed or rejected upon the nomination of the President. The Sergeant at Arms of the Senate is elected by and serves as the Executive Officer of that body. He directs and supervises the various departments and facilities under his jurisdiction. He is also the Law Enforcement and Protocol Officer. As Law Enforcement Officer, he has statutory power to make arrests; to locate absentee Senators for a quorum; to enforce Senate rules and regulations as they pertain to the Senate Chamber, the Senate wing of the Capitol, and the Senate Office Buildings. He serves as a member of the Capitol Police Board and as its chairman each odd year; and, subject to the Presiding Officer, maintains order in the Senate Chamber. As Protocol Officer, he is responsible for many aspects of ceremonial functions, including the inauguration of the President of the United States; arranging funerals of Senators who die in office; escorting the President when he addresses a Joint Session of Congress or attends any function in the Senate; and escorting heads of state when they visit the Senate. The elected officers of the House of Representatives include the Clerk, the Sergeant at Arms, the Chief Administrative Officer, and the Chaplain. The Clerk is custodian of the seal of the House and administers the primary legislative activities of the House. These duties include: accepting the credentials of the Members-elect and calling the Members to order at the commencement of the first session of each Congress; keeping the Journal; taking all votes and certifying the passage of bills; and processing all legislation. Through various departments, the Clerk is also responsible for floor and committee reporting services; legislative information and reference services; the administration of House reports pursuant to House rules and certain legislation including the Ethics in Government Act and the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995; the distribution of House documents; and administration of the House Page Program. The Clerk is also charged with supervision of the offices vacated by Members due to death, resignation, or expulsion. Clerk of the HouseThe Sergeant at Arms maintains the order of the House under the direction of the Speaker and is the keeper of the Mace. As a member of the U.S. Capitol Police Board, the Sergeant at Arms is the chief law enforcement officer for the House and serves as Board Chairman each even year. The ceremonial and protocol duties parallel those of the Senate Sergeant at Arms and include arranging the inauguration of the President of the United States, Joint Sessions of Congress, visits to the House of heads of state, and funerals of Members of Congress. The Sergeant at Arms enforces the rules relating to the privileges of the Hall of the House, including admission to the galleries, oversees garage and parking security of the House, and distributes all House staff identification cards. Congressional CommitteesThe work of preparing and considering legislation is done largely by committees of both Houses of Congress. There are 16 standing committees in the Senate and 19 in the House of Representatives. The standing committees of the Senate and the House of Representatives can be viewed from the links below. In addition, there are select committees in each House (one in the House of Representatives), and various congressional commissions and joint committees composed of Members of both Houses. Each House may also appoint special investigating committees. The membership of the standing committees of each House is chosen by a vote of the entire body; members of other committees are appointed under the provisions of the measure establishing them. Each bill and resolution is usually referred to the appropriate committee, which may report a bill out in its original form, favorably or unfavorably, recommend amendments, report original measures, or allow the proposed legisla tion to die in committee without action.

Slaughter Houses Free Essays

Mason, for years, pig production had been a big part of the slaughterhouses, but as time went on, the demand for pork went up. In 1975, pig production was at sixty-nine million a year; in 2004, pig production skyrocketed to one hundred three million pigs. The increase in pigs caused environmental problems because the average adult pig produces four times as much waste as an adult human. We will write a custom essay sample on Slaughter Houses or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the amount of pigs in each farm (for example, a farm in Nebraska has over forty-eight thousand pigs), and their waste leaking into nearby bodies of water, many fish and other animals were killed. Pigs like to move around and explore their environment in the wild which they are unable to do that in captivity because of how cramped the pens are. On one farm in Nebraska, there are over forty-eight thousand pigs in only twenty-four barns (Mason and Singer 339). The video â€Å"Torture Inside Slaughterhouses Suffering Untold (The Ugliest Methods of Torture) Not for Weak Lyons 2 Hearts† shows that this environment causes pigs to develop open sores. When a pig is pregnant, it is kept in a gestational crate which is barely bigger than their body. Following birth, the babies are immediately castrated and have their tails cut if without anesthesia. To make the pigs move, the workers kick, hit, and yell at them. Many of the pigs die from mutilation. If the pig is sick, injured, or has not been growing as fast as the other pigs, it is killed. Pigs tend to live for only five to six months. The most popular ways to kill the pigs include throwing the pigs into bins and painfully gassing them with carbon dioxide, slamming their head on the floor, and being hung on a forklift and suffocated (â€Å"Torture†). With chickens used to produce eggs, directly after birth, the males and females are separated and the males are killed because they don’t lay eggs. To kill them, they are either thrown into giant grinding machines or thrown into trash bags and suffocated. With the females, to avoid pecking in overcrowded pens, the tips of their beaks are cut off which causes acute and chronic pain. When they are grown to a certain size, they are moved to even more overcrowded cages and lay eggs for their whole life. Workers abuse the hens by stepping on them, throwing them in garbage cans, and mangling their spines to break their neck. After their egg production is too slow, they are plucked from their cages and put into carts where they are suffocated tit carbon dioxide (â€Å"Torture†). Poultry that is used for meat are stuffed in overcrowded sheds. Genetically, chicken and turkeys have grown so big, they become crippled, have chronic joint pain, and heart attacks. Poultry that are sick or injured are clubbed to death or have their neck broken. When finally in the slaughterhouse, the workers handle the poultry very violently leaving injuries and bruises. The workers hang the poultry upside down by their feet in shackles and dragged through an electric vat Lyons 3 of water to paralyze them. To kill them, they are pulled against a blade that outs through their neck and if that doesn’t work, there is a worker that cuts their neck (â€Å"Torture†). On cow farms, cows are fed BEST, bovine commiseration, a genetically engineered growth hormone strictly used in the USA because Canada and England fear the side effects on the cows health. Along with BEST, cows are fed antibiotics in their meals. Their meals, that should contain forage, actually contains corn and left over cow meat (Mason and Singer 349). Calves on dairy farms are dragged away from their mother and either made for veal or, if they’re strong enough, are kept for beef. Cows are kept confined n stalls on concrete flooring. Workers torture the cows by cutting off their tails and burning their skull to get their horns out without pain killers. When a cow becomes too sick or injured to stand, called downers, they are left alone too slowly and painfully die. Cows used for beef are castrated then branded with a hot iron. Beef cows are contained in overcrowded feedlots which is covered with their waste. To kill a cow, the workers tend to cut their throat (â€Å"Torture†). Wild cows’ life expectancy is about twenty years, where a confined cows’ life expectancy is five to seven years (Mason and Singer 350). There is one person that noticed how inhumane these factories are, mainly for cattle, named Temple Grinding. From a small article â€Å"Temple Grinding Biography,† she was born on August 29, 1947 in Boston, Massachusetts. She was diagnosed with Autism at the age of four and didn’t learn how to talk until the age of four. To get her to talk, she went through extensive speech therapy with her mom. She also had a hypersensitivity to noise and other stimuli. According to the movie â€Å"Temple Grinding,† doctors said she should be institutionalized, but the mother refused. She went to a boarding school, here she still bullied. In this school, though, she befriended a teacher who saw how she learned in pictures and helped her realize her true potential. Lyons 4 One summer she went to her Aunts farm which is where she got her interest in cows. Throughout her life, she liked to build things. She saw a machine she called a â€Å"hugging machine† and saw how much it helped to calm the cows. She built her own to calm her down saying she gets the same release a regular person gets from an actual hug from another person (â€Å"Temple†). For her masters degree in Animal Science, she went to Arizona State. As she would be in tours of different cattle farms and saw the cows being poked and prodded, she started to think about how she could make the farms more humane. She saw how the ways used at that time made the cows scared and how some of them were killed and wanted to fix it (â€Å"Temple†). She first wanted to do her thesis on mooing, and she concluded how the cows use different moos at different times. She figured out that the cows are actually warning each other when something is going to happen. Her professors wouldn’t sign off on her thesis. She switched her thesis to control yester and cattle and why some work better than others and how they can tell the difference. To see what the cows see, Temple Went through the chute cows go through and was able to figure out what scared them and makes them uncomfortable. She soon wrote many articles on her findings (â€Å"Temple’). A farmer read her articles and liked her ideas and asked her to design a dip for his farm. The dip she designed starts with a chute that is curved so that the cows feel like they’re going in circles, which calms them. They follow each other into a tunnel that makes them into one line and they go down a incorrect ramp that allows them to go into the dip at their own pace to keep tem relaxed. The day before it was going to be shown, a reporter witnessed it and called it brilliant. The day it showed though, the farmers changed it and had already killed three cows by the time Temple got there (â€Å"Temple†). Lyons 5 She tried to enter the Abbot Slaughterhouse to talk to the head and show him her plans for a more humane factory. They would not let her in. At the store though, Temple met a woman who helped her trough the automatic doors that Temple was afraid to go through. That woman turned out to be the wife f the head of Abbot Slaughterhouse who was able to get Temple in to see her husband. He accepted Temple’s plans (â€Å"Tempe’). Temple went on to get her doctorate at the University of Illinois in Animal Science. She then became a professor at Colorado State University and lectures worldwide on autism and animal handling. In North America now, half of the cattle is handled by the systems made by Temple Grinding (â€Å"Temple†). Today, a lot Of Temple’s beliefs are used. She believed that the correct stunning is extremely important, it leads to better meat. If the stunning is one incorrectly, bloodspots in meat and bone fractures can happen. She stated that an agitated steer can be very dangerous and shouldn’t be tampered with. Also, an escaped cattle should never be chased. If you leave it alone, it will return. Lastly, stay away from the cattle’s blind spot, if it can’t see you, it might kick you. Temple has specific guidelines for livestock holding facilities. First, the animals should be moved in small groups. Also, the pens should never be overcrowded. They should be filled only halfway. Handlers should understand the basic concepts of flight zone and the point of balance on a owe. Ranches and facilities must have non-slip flooring. Lastly, workers should keep the animals calm, when the animals are calm, they move more easily. Temple said that at all different types of facilities, there should be proper unloading ramps so the trucks can unload properly. Larger facilities should have two or more ramps. The ramps should have a level dock before the ramp goes down so the animals have a level surface to walk Lyons 6 on when they exit the truck. Also, the ramp should not exceed twenty degrees, this will allow the cows to go down the ramp easier. If the ramp is incorrect, stair Steps should be there to provide better traction for the animals. How to cite Slaughter Houses, Papers

Operations Management for Nestle- Critical Evaluation and Discussion

Question: Describe about The Case Study of Operations Management for Nestle. Answer: Introduction The selected company for pursuing the report is Nestle, which is a Swiss multinational organization with its operations engaged in providing nutritional and health-related consumer goods. The global operations of the company are controlled and monitored from headquarter located in Vevey, Switzerland. The selection of the particular company is based on its leading position within the identified industry measured by the revenues. The operations of the company significantly cover various segments in the global market from baby foods, and adult nutritional products to the snacks and pet foods (Park, Ungson, and Cosgrove 2015). Apart from that, different beverage products are offered by the company to its target market to ensure the growth and achievement of increasing revenues throughout the operating years. The global business operations of the company within the food and beverage industry are governed and controlled by the particular mission and vision statement of the enterprise. The brand tagline of Nestle is Good Food, Good Life, clearly indicating the continuous emphasis by the company to produce quality foods and serve those to the identified target market for contributing the promotion of quality regarding the health and lifestyles of the community. From the initial evaluation, it can be argued that the operations of the company are highly focused on being a leading and competitive nutrition, health and wellness company within the particular market. Such activities are designed to be a preferred corporate citizen and preferred supplier selling the favourite products and ultimately contributing to the increase in shareholder value. The company achieves such objectives with the help of its specifically designed operations effectively aligned by the critical mission statement (Das 2015). The production and management related operations of Nestle always prioritise of providing the best tasting and most nutritious products to its market consumers in its wide range of food and beverage items in the different categories. These products are effectively aimed to provide joy to the various eating occasions from morning to night. Therefore, the operational strategies with the combination of planning and controlling the product and process design will be comprehensively evaluated in the subsequent sections to ensure the establishment of useful understanding regarding the operations management. Critical Evaluation and Discussion The operations of Nestle are managed by developing some critical stages like planning the capacity, locating the facility, designing the products, application of Just-In-Time, developing the manufacturing system, and establishing the supply chain management system. These systems and processes are primarily identified to highlight the discussion within the following sections and ensure the formation of proper evaluative understanding related to the specific departments of the organization. Operations Strategy The operations strategy of Nestle is highly contributed by the application of nutrition, health and wellness strategy. The particular strategy is designed to support the people desiring to have a healthy lifestyle. The operations are designed by the practical contributions from innovation, which is continuously driven by the company through the industry-leading research and development. The entire scenario supports the constant transformation of the food and beverage portfolio of the enterprise. Apart from that, the research and development activities of Nestle are continuously focusing on exploring the roles of nutritional therapies for ensuring the improvement to the health and lifestyle of people (Kanapathy et al. 2016). With the help of these activities, the company is increasing focusing on creating awareness among the people from different communities for taking more care for their health and wellbeing aspects. Hence, the operations strategy of Nestle is largely based on strivi ng to deliver a positive impact on the numerous societies across the world regarding their activities. In order to achieve the specific aim, Nestle persistently shares various insights regarding the global nutrition, health and wellness challenges, builds superior partnerships with other major companies, and engages with the policymakers, key leaders, and stakeholders from the particular geographical location of company operations. From the initial information, it can be quite understood that the strategy developed by the company for promoting health and nutrition contributes the development of the overall business successfully. Therefore, it can be stated that the business plan is adequately dependent on the growth and sustainability of health and wellness initiatives designed and performed by the Nestle (Tang, Sodhi, and Formentini 2016). The certain approaches of the company always triggered to empower people within the community to make a decision during the purchase of food products. With the application of the science-based programmes promoting health and nutrition factors of the people, growing numbers of customers are becoming convincing to buy and try the food and beverage products offered by Nestle. For example, the healthy kids programme designed by Nestle aims to promote the healthy eating and drinking habits, especially for the children as they grow older (Ghauri 2015). Therefore, the companys oper ational policies are develop to teach nutritional needs and importance to the children and their parents to while encourage to take part in the various physical activities to maintain the certain level of required fitness. Such activities directly influence the business strategy of the company to generate more value for the operations of the company. On the other hand, constant evolution to the operations strategy of Nestle can be witnessed due to the fundamental influence of the government policies and interventions. Due to such scenario, the significant modifications to the commitments of the company are observed. For an example, the company has successfully reduced the quantity of salt, sugar, and saturated fats from its core products in a mean to remove the portion of trans-fat while meeting the critical preference of the customers (Kusnierczak 2014). The same scenario applies in the labelling and printing GDAs (Guideline Daily Amounts) in the product packaging and development stage of Nestle. The identified evolutions contribute to the betterment of the company operations and making it much more affordable and transparent towards the global customers. (Fig 1: The Pillars of operation Strategy of Nestle; Source: nestle.com) Product Service Design The product and service design of Nestle is highly based on adequate utilisation of the resources and minimisation of the optimal level of wastes throughout the lifecycle of the product. In this particular context, it is worth to mention that the company leverages increasingly on the incorporation of suitable research and development for maintaining sustainability in the product designing process (Smith 2012). According to Anne Roulin, the head of sustainability for research and development department of Nestle suggests that the company emphasises more on developing a good design for its products, as it believes that the process plays a major role in the preservation of natural environment. Nestle is known to be the largest fast-moving consumer goods company in the world. The sizeable part of the companys operational contributions is devoted to generating and maintain environmental sustainability through the product development and designing process. The implication of the particular contribution depends on of the ability of the company to measure the effects of its products to the environment right from the moment of designing or restoring them. For an example, the company considers how the customers dispose the packages during taking vital decisions during the product designing process (Dharni and Sharma 2015). Therefore, the product design practices adopted by the company considers all of the vital factors for the examination. These factors include the agricultural production to the ingredient sourcing, processing, and manufacturing and ultimately the way of utilisation by the consumers. The products offered by Nestle aims to cover the segments of the food and beverage market in the world by developing full range of goods belonging to the different categories. From the baby products to the adult or pet foods, the company has been able to maintain its reputation for an extended period due to the influence of highly efficient product development and designing process (Cullen and Parboteeah 2013). The individual process is combined with three major stages, which are briefly elaborated below. Faster and Economicin order to conduct the in-depth analysis of the products and their impacts on the environment, life cycle assessments are the widely used methodology for the company. However, the significant challenge within the process is the higher involvement of costs and time, as the process takes several months to finish. Therefore, the product designing process of the company should need to be conducted in more economical ways of analysing and determining the environmental impacts. It is one of the specific areas for Nestle, where it is facing the considerable amount of challenges, as the company is continuously working hard to develop a more prompt and economic effort. Such effort can be seen in the emergence of a web-based tool named as Ecodex, which is implemented throughout the worldwide operations of the company (Walker 2013). However, the company should need to focus more to reduce the environmental impact through its products, as the new development will allow the bu siness developing a better progress. Complex Data the mentioned system known as Ecodex was created by the life cycle assessment experts of Nestle by forming a partnership with an information technology company called Selerant (Bag, Anand, and Pandey 2016). The particular tool uses the information specifically related to the global food and beverage industry for ensuring the delivery of rapid and accurate data to product development teams of the company. The particular process allows the teams to evaluate the sustainability performance of various product lines of the enterprise. Apart from that, the complex data of the industry are transformed into the straightforward and user-friendly format to ensure the easier understanding. The company is currently engaged to market Ecodex for its availability in the commercial environment, as the particular situation can add value to the overall company. Sustainable by DesignApart from the involvement of Ecodex, the company also provides training to the product developers for encouraging them adopting the holistic approach across the critical stages of the value chain (Thoumrungroje and Racela 2013). Due to the implication of such process, the company has experienced the substantial improvements in many of the products and systems. From the application of the sustainability, the company has been able to develop new approaches enabling it to go further and faster. Process Design One of the primary aims of Nestle is adapting the particular packaging process of the products for ensuring the reduction of difficulties faced by the customers of all age levels. The specific approach can be highly observed in the operations of the company in its Thailand division. Nestle is one of the first enterprises in the food and beverage industry to adopt the individual approach in its product packaging department following the understanding related to the challenges faced by the environment. In its Thailand division, Nestle had introduced the inclusive design, which aims to seek development in the product designing process and to ensure the needs of the community are fulfilled sufficiently (Alon 2016). The RD department of the company is continuously focusing on the application of some specialised inclusive design tools for determining how the products can be utilised efficiently. According to the packaging head of Nestle at Thailand, Nestle is playing the leading responsibility regarding the development of its process design philosophy. With the emergence of inclusive design, the company can shift from good design to great design. With the help of the following statement, it can be proposed that the operations of Nestle in the international market including Thailand aim to develop a pioneering design for benefitting all the customers from different demographics and communities. The basic intention of the company through such design is designing the superior processes and developing the products, which holds the freshness, contributes to the safe usage, and provides easy understanding to the consumers regarding their instructions (Jannat 2015). The identified design in the processes efficiently helps the company to develop and maintain the sustainability of the overall operations through the minimisation of wastes. From the statement revealed by Anne Roulin, t he global head of the packaging and designing at Nestle it can be ascertained that placing the customers in the central of operations during the process design is the important approach embraced by the company operating in the multiple countries globally. Due to the implication of the approach, it becomes easier for the company to serve the needs of its global customers regardless of their age or physical conditions. In its operations in Thailand, Nestle utilises three different factors in designing the processes as part of the packaging and developing stages, such as special pair of gloves, liberating, and key brand asset. The unique pair of gloves is used by the packaging experts of the company during the production of five of the most popular products of the company with the aim of weakening the impact of arthritis (Zhang and Preechawipat 2012). The proper understanding developed by the firm related to the consumers suffering from arthritis, which hampered their strength and movement has driven the company to adopt such a design in the process. From the overall understanding, it can be suggested that the process designing stage of Nestle is defined by the complete composition of products, the involving packaging, and the nutritional values they consist of their customers. With the help of a diagram, the process design of the identified company can be further categorised. (Fig 2: Primary Activities related to the Process Design; Source: www.nestle.com) Planning Control Considering the definition of an organization, it is identified as an entity that utilises various inputs like capital and resources to process them and develop the outputs in the form of products and services. In order to ensure the growth and success in the global market, the entities are highly required to invest most of its capital in RD and marketing for studying the attitudes and perceptions of the target market customers. Every business provides priority to satisfy the customer by the way of providing them effectively and quality comprised products and services. More the satisfied customers contribute to bettering the position of the company in the respective market. Hence, the global competition generates due to providing products and services to the customers according to the prices they pay (Rongwiriyaphanich 2014). Companies engaging in these activities successfully generate increasing brand identity, revenue, and profit. In case of Nestle, the company is engaged in the ty pical planning process for ensuring the adequate growth in the business operations is maintained and the nutritional health and wellness products are offered flawlessly to the customers in the internal markets. The overall planning and controlling process of Nestle are guided by adopting the capacity planning. Capacity planning is composed of three individual stages, which are briefly elaborated below. Level Capacity Plan this particular stage is committed to control and monitors the individual level of stock with the company. The mechanisms as part of the stage are planned for maintaining the same degree of production capacity for the company regardless of the demand. With the help of the activities adopted in the certain stage, the company aims to stabilise the employment, lowering the cost of unit, and higher utilisation of processes (Park, Ungson, and Cosgrove 2015). However, level capacity planning induces the company the need for production storage and inventory, rather than the falling sales. Therefore, Nestle should need to consider the shelf-life factor critically to control the situation efficiently when the production exceeds the demand. On the other hand, Nestle deals with the food products, which are non-durable goods. Based on the understanding, it is evident, that the certain stage of planning also brings some vital challenges for Nestle other than the identified benefits. Chase Demand Plan demand chase plan is exactly opposite to the level capacity planning. Chase demand related planning process deals with the products that cannot be store and should be sold immediately. The food and beverage product sold by the company is the effective example of such type of goods (Mahalder 2014). As part of this particular planning, the production process is controlled by the company to produce the equal number of goods as demanded by the target market. The particular approaches as part of the identified planning are introduced by Nestle under some certain conditions, especially during the picks and falls of demand in the identified market at a given period. Some of the critical measures embraced by Nestle during the period are: Reduction or extension of working days Recruiting human capital on a part-time basis Developing a full-time employment or laying off extra staffs Demand Management another useful stage in the planning process of Nestle is developing the demand management mechanism for dealing with the fluctuations commendably. Some of the well-known benefits of identified functions as part of the specific planning are a reduction of cost associated with the business process, improvement of services, advanced utilisation of companys resources and capacities, and ultimately contributing to the increase of profits. The planning process is majorly developed by transferring the demands of the customers from more condensed stages to more relaxed phases (Vachani and Post 2012). The company comprehensively does the identified practice thorough creating the alternative products, providing discounts, or offering new outputs to the customers. One of the most compelling examples of the individual approach is cutting the price of an individual food product of the company to increase the client demands and purchasing power in the summer time. Thus, the stored products of the company can be sold to the identified market consumers successfully. From the overall information, it can be proposed that the selection of appropriate planning and control process influences the achievement of short or long-term goals requires the company analyse and determine the consequences of the activities. Innovation and Improvement Continuous improvement is necessary for a company to hold the leading position within the identified market and thrive to respond according to the needs of the market consumers. Improving the products of the company through maintaining innovation within the processes is the vital objective for Nestle, as the practices are the heart of the companys operation for over 150 years. The company has become the largest private nutrition and food research organization in the world through its internal presence in the major countries across the globe, including the operational hubs at Thailand (Jannat 2015). The company has the diverse range of products committed to serving the needs of multiple communities and demographics in the identified food and beverage markets. The company is largely focused on creating nutritional, and health benefits through the wide range of products offered to the consumers. One of the primary examples of innovations associated with the operations of Nestle is launc hing the open innovation platform called Henri@Nestle (Alon 2016). The company designs the particular platform by developing collaborations with the various start-ups of the country. On the other hand, the Silicon Valley Innovation Outpost launched in 2013 by Nestle further expanded the platform to work with the new start-ups and promotes the improvement of operations through the inclusion of innovative activities. (Fig 3: Henri@Nestle Initiative launched by Nestle; Source: www.nestle.com) Supply Chain The supply chain aspect of Nestle is highly driven to establish the great platform supporting the involvement of collaborative supply chain professionals. The company achieves the original competitive edge through the effective contributions from the supply chain of the company. With the combination of the Demand and Supply Planning, Physical Logistics, Planning and Procurement, and Customer Services, the management and control mechanism is developed by the company in such a manner to facilitate the development of superior communication with the customers. At the same time, the supply chain management strategies adopted by the company helps it to offer the products according to the market needs of the consumers in the right possible times. More clearly, the Supply Chain Management of Nestle is the combination of art and science assisting the company to achieve its corporate objectives in superiorly. With the help of the process, the company identifies the particular need of raw components for producing the products or services (Zhang and Preechawipat 2012). Apart from that, the company recognizes the manufacturers for delivering the goods manufactured by the corporation and subsequently offered to the customers. The key supply chain management activities of Nestle is developed by the useful contributions of the important parties like suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, consumers, and producers. The process can be highlighted effectively with a relevant diagram below. (Fig 4: Supply Chain Management Processes adopted by Nestle; Source: wordpress.com) Quality Management The operations of Nestle is highly committed to maintaining quality and safety in the production process for ensuring the safe and health usage is provided to the consumers. Over the years, quality and safety for the consumers are the fundamental concerns for the formation of key strategies designed by the company for managing quality. The same concept applies to the entire portfolio of the company from food and beverage products to the systems and services. From the analysis to the companys website, it can be determined that the product safety and quality assurance is one of the top ten corporate business principles of Nestle (Cullen and Parboteeah 2013). The same principles have followed the company for its global operations including the activities of Nestle in Thailand. The quality management system and its actions of Nestle are designed by the useful guidance obtained from the quality policy developed by the company. The policy describes some of the useful commitments of the enterprise, such as: Matching with the expectations and preferences of the market consumers to promote the development of trust in the business operations Complying with the quality requirements and regulations regarding the internal and external food health and safety Developing and spreading a zero-defect and no-waster attitudes for the members of the organization Prioritising quality as the group-wide objective From the information highlighted in this particular section, it can be ascertained that quality management system is the global platform for Nestle to guarantee the compliance of specific standards followed in different countries. Specific quality standards regarding the food and beverage products are designed to ensure food safety and health related to benefits to the consumers (Smith 2012). Apart from that, the internal quality management system of the company is thoroughly audited by the independent certification bodies to ensure the conformity to the international standards, norms, and regulatory requirements. Conclusion and Recommendations The various products of Nestle have become highly popular among the mass population of Thailand over the course of times. The strong growth of the company to become the market leader in the food and beverage industry is highly contributed by the popularity of these products to the identified market and their sales to the increasing number of customers. From the overall analysis, it can be identified that the success of the company is highly proliferated by the presence of efficient distribution network and the suitably defined operational strategy. The strategies and processes are identified to be highly influenced by the sustainability approaches to preserve the environmental balance. Apart from that, the companys products and services are developed to provide health and wellbeing related benefits to the consumers irrespective of their age or physical conditions. The marketing activities of the company play the significant roles in this particular scenario to inform the customers ab out the benefits of different products manufactured by Nestle. Therefore, the overall report helps to identify that quality, taste, and availability are the three significant factors Nestle provides higher value and emphasis during the management of its principal operations. However, it is observed that the food and beverage products of Nestle highly emphasis on the target markets of popular cities throughout the world, while providing a limited highlight to the rural areas. Therefore, the company should need to think of developing different categories of products to target the rural markets across the world. Thereby, the company is recommended to use its strong distribution network and sustainable production process to achieve the identified aim. The particular process will contribute to enhancing more value for the firm. References Alon, I., 2016. Master International Franchising in China: The Case of the Athletes Foot. InMarket Entry in China(pp. 133-145). Springer International Publishing. Bag, S., Anand, N. and Pandey, K.K., 2016. Green Supply Chain Management Model for Sustainable Manufacturing Practices.Green Supply Chain Management for Sustainable Business Practice, p.153. Cullen, J.B. and Parboteeah, K.P., 2013.Multinational management. Cengage Learning. Das, A., 2015.An Introduction to Operations Management: The Joy of Operations. Routledge. Dharni, K. and Sharma, R.K., 2015. Supply chain management in food processing sector: experience from India.International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management,21(1), pp.115-132. Ghauri, P.N., 2015. Managing International Subsidiaries: The Case of Swedish Firms. InProceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 150-154). Springer International Publishing. Jannat, M., 2015. Modern trade strategy of Nestle Bangladesh Limited. Kanapathy, K., Yee, G.W., Zailani, S. and Aghapour, A.H., 2016. An intra-regional comparison on RoHS practices for green purchasing management among electrical and electronics SMEs in Southeast Asia.International Journal of Procurement Management,9(3), pp.249-271. Kusnierczak, A.P., 2014. Global Product Development Ways in Modern Thai EconomyCase Studies, Good Practices and Ways to Implement in Thailand.World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering,8(9), pp.2964-2973. Mahalder, K., 2014. Evaluating marketing strategies of Direct Fresh Limited. Park, S.H., Ungson, G.R. and Cosgrove, A., 2015. Co-aligning Strategies with Management Structures and Systems. InScaling the Tail: Managing Profitable Growth in Emerging Markets(pp. 91-107). Palgrave Macmillan US. Park, S.H., Ungson, G.R. and Cosgrove, A., 2015.Scaling the Tail: Managing Profitable Growth in Emerging Markets. Springer. Rongwiriyaphanich, S., 2014.Understanding culture in territorial management and its implications for spatial planning.: The case of floodplain management in urbanised delta regions in the Netherlands and Thailand. TU Delft. Smith, A.D., 2012. Perceived value and strategic importance of supply chain options: multi-firm case study.International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management,13(2), pp.244-267. Tang, C.S., Sodhi, M.S. and Formentini, M., 2016. An analysis of partially-guaranteed-price contracts between farmers and agri-food companies.European Journal of Operational Research,254(3), pp.1063-1073. Thankdenchai, P. and Pasawat, P., 2015. Nestle Thailand's Best Practice, a Support Idea on Support Best Practice VMI: An Enable of Conceptual Collaboration.AU-GSB e-JOURNAL,8(1). Thoumrungroje, A. and Racela, O.C., 2013. Thai Beverage Public Company Limited: Thailand leader, global challenger.Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies,3(2), pp.1-30. Vachani, S. and Post, J.E., 2012. Creating socially responsible value chains: Role of companies, governments and NGOs.U. Elg, A. Hadjikhani, P. Ghauri N.(Eds.), Business, society and politics: Multinationals in emerging markets, pp.17-44. Walker, H., 2013. Sustainable Supply Chain Management: A Literature.The SAGE Handbook of Strategic Supply Management, p.331. Zhang, K. and Preechawipat, C., 2012. Supplier Information Integration for Mitigating Supply Risk in Chinese and Thai Manufacturing Industries.

Sport and Society

Table of Contents Race Fan Identification Gender References Race There is undoubtedly a wide gap between white people and black people involvement in certain games or sports. As evident by recent study conducted by the U.S. swimming Association, nearly 31 per cent of white children between the ages of 6 and 16 cannot swim, in comparison to 60 per cent of African-American children who cannot swim (Baker, Cunningham Zhang 2010). Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Sport and Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most studies havefound that African-American athletics are more physically suited than white-American athletics in sports or activities that required power and speed (Dawkins 2004). On the other hand, white-American athletics have been found to perform better in short distance races as compared to African-American athletics. Additionally, most African-Americans participate in basketball and football b ecause these sports are seen to have most opportunities for athletics to excel in life (Dawkins 2004). As evident in a study conducted in 1999 by the University of Arizona, the finding of the study shows that stereotype about racial inferiority and superiority in certain sports or games have been so entrenched in people’s minds that they have an effect not only which games or sports people participate in but also their performance in those games or sports (Baker, Cunningham Zhang 2010). Fan Identification Study on sport fans has confirmed a positive relationship between self esteem and fan identification. There are interesting aspects on the level of degree of affiliation and involvement with sport team among the fans (Kennedy 2010). Study suggests that fans are involved with their favorite team in many ways, including displaying bumper stickers on their vehicles, wearing team apparel, and celebratory behaviors that range from utterly destructive to fairly passive (e.g. ch eering). Some fans have low level of involvement with their teams, while others have been found to have psychological attachment to their favorite teams or sports (Jeh 2010). There are many reasons why fans decide to be identified with a particular sport or team. In fact the level of attachment to a particular team or sport range from extremely strong to quite weak. As evident is a study which identified why fans identify themselves with a particular sport or team. The results showed a number of reasons, including talent of the team player, parental interest in a team or sport, success of the team, geography and the influence of peers or friends (Jeh 2010).Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gender Most sports are associated with men (or masculinity). In many societies, some sports have been considered inappropriate for women to participate in, and women who participate in these sports are perceived to be ‘tomboy’ or masculine (Guest Cox 2009). In contrast, men who do not support or participate in certain sports may be labeled as weak or ‘unmanly’ (Hyatt 2007). Both men and women tend to participate in different types of sports or physical activity and their attitudes toward certain games or sports may be different. Some sports or games have many barriers that prevent women to participate in them (Hyatt 2007), such as lack of appropriate sport facilities and safety, technical support, and lack of skills resources about specific sports. Furthermore, most women (specifically mothers) are faced with additional physical barriers or constraints that including lack of childcare facilities, and lack of time. Sometimes women are exposed to verbal sexual harassment and/or physical harassment as well as other dangers due to their participation in games or sports programs, because of time of day and location (Kennedy 2010). Lastly, lack of a female role model in certain sports such as women coaches or leaders may have a negative impact in women who want to participate in certain sports (Guest Cox 2009). References Baker III, T. A., Cunningham, D. P., Zhang, J. J. (2010). An examination of immunity statutes regarding the liability of recreational youth sport organizations for the pedophilic actions of coaches, administrators, and officials. Journal of Research, 5(1), 54-59. Dawkins, M. P. (2004). Race relations and the sport of golf: The African-American golf legacy. The Western Journal of Black Studies, 28(1), 327-331. Guest, A. M., Cox, S. (2009). Using Athletes as role models? Conceptual and Empirical Perspectives from a sample of elite women soccer players. International Journal of Sports Science Coaching, 4(4), 567-581. Hyatt, C. G. (2007). Who do I root for now? The impact of franchise relocation on the loyal fans left behind: A case study of Hartford Whalers fans. Journal of Sport Behavior, 30(1), 36-56.Adv ertising We will write a custom report sample on Sport and Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Jeh, M. (2010). To be or not to be: Expectations of elite sports leaders as role models. Active Healthy Magazine, 17(1), 19-20. Kennedy, C. L. (2010). A new frontier for women’s sports (beyond Title IX). Gender Issues, 27, 78-90. This report on Sport and Society was written and submitted by user Gabriela A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Seven-Colored Flower essays

Seven-Colored Flower essays In a beautiful small town, there was a girl called Melody. People in the town called her Dream Girl, because she always thought about something impossible. Every day, she sat beside the window and had her day-dreaming. One day, Melody sat beside the window and began her day-dreaming as usual. It was a sunny day. The birds were singing on the tree outside the window, and the flowers were dancing toward the sun. Melody was dreaming her fantasy ice cream castle, and she was thinking that she could live inside. Isnt it the best life in the world? Suddenly, a bright light came into Melodys room through the window, and a fairy appeared. While the fairy was smiling to Melody, Melody looked amazed. Hello, I am a dream fairy. Nice to meet you, Melody. How do you know my name? I never know you. Melody wondered. Well, it doesnt matter. I know you have a lot of dreams, so I come and help you to make your dreams come true, said the fairy with smile. Really? Melody became excited. Yes, my girl. Then, the fairy showed a seven-colored flower to Melody. This flower has seven different color petals, and they can make seven of your dreams come true. You can only use seven times, after that, the flower will fade. I see, but can this flower really make my dreams come true? Yes. Then the fairy disappeared. Melody held the flower in her hands and watched it over and over. To make sure the flower could work, she picked up one red petal and said, Seven-color flower, I want an ice cream castle. Just after she said this, a huge and colorful castle appeared outside her room. Melody was so excited and could not wait to run outside. This ice cream castle looked amazing! The roof was made of chocolate ice cream, and the wall was made of vanilla ice cream. Melody walked into the castle a...

Nursing Practice Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nursing Practice Theory - Research Paper Example There exists a relationship between grand theories, middle range theories, and nursing practice theories in that, all these discuss about nursing as a profession and provide a guide for nursing practice. Grand theories are general concepts and are representative of a wide range of nursing practice. They, therefore, have the broadest scope. They use statements to show relationship otherwise known as assumptions to show the basis of their philosophy. Grand theories form the basis for expansion of other theories, research and development of new standards. The focus of grand theories is on the â€Å"phenomena of concern to the discipline such as person as adaptive systems, self-care deficits, unitary human beings, human becoming, or health as expanding consciousness† (Parker & Smith, 2010). Grand nursing theories are visions to be used in nursing practice. However, the limitation of these theories is that, they cannot be universally tested; hence, they have limited capabilities in guiding, explaining, and foretelling about specific situations in nursing. This is because; these theories were developed by scholars who were thinking way above their time. Middle range theories are derived from concepts of grand theories. These theories are narrow in scope as compared to grand theories, and they offer an effective bridge between grand theories and the description of specific nursing phenomena. These theories are of advantage in the sense that, they are more applicable to nursing practices and situations. This theory allows testing of theory through research, devising strategies for nursing practice, and developing tools for nursing practice. As a result of this, middle range theories are more efficient and proficient as compared to the other theories. As a result of covering a wider scope, middle range theories are applicable in many health care institutions and other health quarters. Nursing

Separate Systems for Aboriginal people in Canada Essay

Separate Systems for Aboriginal people in Canada - Essay Example We would therefore be discussing the pros and cons of the separate justice system. The aboriginal tribes of Canada have distinct identity with unique traditions and cultures that have been passed on to the successive generations through the centuries. Their cultural identities have survived the tests of the time but recently their evolution has seen their inclusion in the so called mainstream population of the whites which has not been to their advantage. The separate legal system would go a long way in restoring their self confidence and help them to enact laws that are responsive to their needs and may conform to their traditional values and cultural paradigms. A separate legal system would also facilitate a wider scope of decision making processes that are not dominated by the understanding and narrow interpretations of the white population. Legal systems are designed to support the needs and requirements of the community and a separate justice system for the aboriginal tribes would be fulfilling the wider aims and objectives of the state constitution and legal system. It is also seen that a separate system would the enabling factor that would help them to gain control over the justice system for their people. The aboriginal population is an integral part of Canada and the Canadian state is morally bound to develop strategies and programs that would facilitate their socio-economic development so that they can rise beyond their poverty and participate in the overall development of the nation. A separate legal system would hinder the basic objectives of the state and adversely affect the socio-economic development of the tribes to improve their standard of living as envisaged by the state. National constitution is a strong representative of the people of the state and the legal and justice system is designed to provide uniform code of conduct for its people. A separate system for the aboriginals would represent

Data leakage

Data leakage Data leakage is the unauthorized or unintentional exposure, disclosure, or loss of sensitive information (GAO, 2007, p.2). Many businesses have in their control sensitive data about their organisation, employees and customers. The Information Commissioner (ICO) in a recent press statement (ICO,2010) is alarmed with the unacceptable number of data leakages within the modern world and will issue fines for major breaches to commence in 2010. In addition to our markets, the safety and security of our information could not be assumed either. (Verizon Business, 2009 p.2). In 2008 there appears to be a link between the turn of the recession and an increase in reported data leakages. Research conducted by Verizon Business (2009) showed that the number of reported compromised records was more than the previous four years combined as shown below in Figure 1.1. Figure 1.1 Number of records compromised per year in breaches investigated by Verizon Business (2009) Within this study (Verizon Business, 2009) it was found that the industries with the highest number of data leakages were in retail (31%) and financial services (30%). As employees exit, so does corporate data (Ponemon Institute, 2009, p.1). A survey conducted (Ponemon Institute, 2009) showed 59% of employees who left a business (including voluntarily and those asked to leave) stole data. It is difficult to measure the entire impact of a data leakage. Data Breaches Are Frequent, but Evidence of Resulting Identity Theft Is Limited; However, the Full Extent Is Unknown. (GAO, 2007, p.1.)   The financial impact on a business per breach according to the Ponemon Institute (2006) is on average $4.8 million.   Breaches can not only be financially costing to a business but also extremely damaging to a companys reputation, this study (Ponemon Institute, 2006) showed that 60% of customers terminated or considered terminating contracts after a security breach. According to Verizon Business (2009) in 2008 91% of all compromised records were linked to organized criminal groups. Examples of confidential data that criminal groups may wish to obtain are companys financial information, customers sensitive data and credit card details.   There are many ways in which data leakage can occur, some of which will be discussed in the following chapter of this report. 1.2 Data Leakage in the Media The media is one of the most influencing ways of communicating issues globally. Data leakage appears to be increasingly more popular in the media as the reported breaches increase. The ICO stated that there were 434 organisations that reported data security breaches in 2009, the previous year had 277 reported (Unacceptable level of data loss, 2009). This evidence supports the theory of there being an increase in breaches during the recession but what must be taken into account is that there is an increase in the reported cases. It may be that more businesses are becoming aware of data leakages where previously they were oblivious to breaches committed or did not disclose the known leakages. Reported in the media, a Nationwide employees laptop was stolen from their home containing confidential customer data (FSA,2007). 11 million Nationwide customers were said to be at risk of identity crime at the time. The FSA (Financial Services Authority) were alerted by the breach and it was found that the Nationwide did not start an investigation until 3 weeks after the theft took place. The firm were fined  £980,000 by the City watchdog for the security violation. Another example in the media (Previous Cases of Missing Data, 2009) is the Ministry of Defence data security breaches. The Ministry of Defence admitted to losing or having stolen 121 memory sticks in a four year period. According to this press release (Previous Cases of Missing Data, 2009) Defence Secretary Des Browne said 747 laptops had been stolen of those only 32 have been recovered. 1.3 Data Loss Prevention (DLP) The protection of sensitive data, to avoid data breaches, should be a vital part of a business day to day operations. Yet organisations rarely have adequate visibility or control of their data (Broom, cited in When financial data goes missing, 2008). From the research conducted (Verizon Business, 2008) out of all the data leakages that occurred in the year 87% were preventable through simple or intermediate controls. This suggests that many businesses are not putting in adequate controls to prevent leakages. The Date Protection Act (DPA) is a framework to ensure that personal information is handled properly (ICO, The Basics, no date). One of the principles of the act is, it is the responsibility of the business to secure the sensitive data it withholds. The DPA have the right to prosecute and unless exempt, all businesses have to abide by this act. The difficulty faced by many businesses is to manage the risk without affecting their productivity and to manage risk in a new and challenging environment (CFO Research Services and Crowe Chizek and Company LLC , 2008, p.2). The important factors to consider when implementing a DLP plan is the alignment of process, technology and people as a unit.   developing a robust security policy and ensuring that all employees fully understand their role and obligations(Broom, cited in When financial data goes missing, 2008). Broom also stated that users need high-quality training and good communication regarding information security concerns. Chapter 2: Types of Threats Threats to the protection of data can be split into two broad categories: Internal and External threats. Internal threats are from within the business itself and majorly centred on employees actions. Attacks from outside of the business are known as external threats. Examples include hackers, organized crime groups and government entities (p.8, Verizon Business, 2009) According to Verizon Business (2008 or 2009) 20% of reported data breaches are caused by insiders whilst 39% of the breaches involved multiple parties, thus proving the importance of a combination of internal and external controls. 2.2 External Threats According to Verizon Business, 2008 saw   more targeted, cutting edge, complex, and clever cybercrime attacks than seen in previous years   (p5 2009). The fact that attacks appear to be increasingly more sophisticated is a concern for many organisations to ensure they have adequate control measures in place. One of the most common external threats to data security is Malware.   According to Easttom (p6 Computer Secuirty Fundamentals) Malware is the Generic term for software that has a malicious purpose. Malware can be used to steal confidential data from a personal computer to a global network. A virus is a small program that replicates and hides itself in other programs, usually without your knowledge (Symantec,2003) through Computer security fundamentals p6.) A Trojan Horse is a useful or apparently useful program containing hidden code that, when invoked, performs some unwanted function. (P48 info sec pipkin). Trojans must spread through user interaction such as opening an e-mail attachment. It looks legitimate and so users are tricked into executing the malicious program. The Trojan can then potentially delete files, steal data and spread other malware. They can also be created to generate back doors to give hackers access to the system. (http://www.cisco.com/web/about/security/intelligence/virus-worm-diffs.html) An example of a dangerous Trojan is the Dmsys Trojan. According to (http://www.2-spyware.com/trojans-remova) and (http://www.uninstallspyware.com/uninstallDmsysTrojan.html) it steals users confidential information by infecting instant messengers. It uses a keystroke logging technique to steal passwords and private conversations. This information is stored in a log file and then sent to the hacker. Thus allowing the malicious user to have access to potentially, confidential information. There are various tools online that can dispose of this Trojan automatically, but if a user wanted to do it manually they would need to delete the files: dmsysmail.eml and dat.log. Manually Deleting Malware Each program consists of files. Evenspyware, a virus or a different parasite all have their own files( http://www.2-spyware.com/news/post203.html ) To remove a parasite usually means to delete all its files. According to this website, it is not always this simple, as files being used by active applications can not be deleted and some of the Malwares files may be set to invisible. Following this sites guidelines: Open Windows Task Manager and select End Process but only works if you know what processes should be running and those that look suspicious. Once you have stopped the process it is now possible to try and delete the malicious files. Locate the folder you believe the program to be (eg My Computer) and ensure all hidden and protected files are visible (Tools, Folder Options, View, Advanced Settings).There may still be files that are invisible, now type cmd into run to access the Command Prompt. Within the Command Prompt enter dir /A folder_name. All files within this folder will be listed including all hidden files. To delete these files within the cmd enter the command cd folder_name to locate the folder. Then enter del file_name to delete the file. Ensure the Recyle Bin is also emptied. http://www.2-spyware.com/news/post203.html steps on how to manually remove Malware. Preventing Malware attacks Since new viruses are introduced daily (p49 info sec pipkin) an up-to-date valid anti-virus software is essential to avoid data leakages via Malware. Vulnerability patching firewalls A combination of the mentioned attacks can be catastrophic to the security of data hacking gets the criminal in the door, but malware gets him the data (p20 verizon) It is critical that a blend of the above security measures are put into place. 2.1 Internal Threats Whether knowingly or unknowingly, innocently or maliciously, employees engage in behaviours that heighten the risk of data loss.( Cisco data leakage find page) According to a study conducted by cisco data leakage 46% of employees admitted to transferring files between work and personal computers and approximately 1 in 4 admitted sharing sensitive information with friends, family, or even strangers. According to the Deputy Information Commissioner David Smith (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8354655.stm) Unacceptable amounts of data are being stolen, lost in transit or mislaid by staff. Dangerous numbers of personal data is still being needlessly stored on unencrypted laptops and USB sticks. if they do not think about security, users can start to cause quite a few problems p37 computer insecurity book. bar chart 5 ponemon 2009 page8 info kept after leaving chart 7 ponemon 2009 page 9 According to Ponemon (2009), only 11% of the respondents who took part in this research had permission from their supervisor to keep this information. in figure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. An alarming percentage of the above transfers may have been avoided with appropriate controls, which will be discussed later in this report. It can often be hard to detect data leakages, such an employee copying confidential data to a USB device. more often, the information is left just as it was so that the theft is not quickly discovered p59 info sec pipkin. Using a Data Leakage Prevention tool can assist in monitoring and blocking users risky actions to avoid leakages. In this report Digital Guardian by Verdasys will be used to demonstrate some examples of how a DLP tool can be used to assist in the battle of information security. Chapter 3: Verdasys Digital Guardian Software Introduction Digital Guardian is a comprehensive and proven data security solution for protecting and tracking the flow of critical data anywhere in the world. (Verdasys, 2006) (http://www.daman.it/wp/dg/Digital_Guardian_DS.pdf ) According to Verdasys (2006) Digital Guardian (DG) can help to prevent the loss of data by identifying hard to detect user actions. The tool can block unauthorized access, copying, printing, and other user actions. The DG platform consists of a central server and control console to communicate with remote agents deployed to desktops, laptops and servers where data needs protection. It is an agent based (Endpoint) Data Loss Prevention (DLP) tool. These agents operate silently and report rules violations, continuing to operate even when a device is removed from the network. (Verdasys, 2006 http://www.daman.it/wp/dg/Digital_Guardian_DS.pdf ). The DG server is accessed via a web-based interface to the Control Console.   Figure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ DG Management /Control Console The above figure is the web-based management console. This tool can be implemented on both Windows and Linux machines. For this project Windows machines have been used. Capabilities Digital Guardian can monitor or block various risky actions users are taking. Whether it be users abuse or accidental operations. There are many actions that the software can perform some of which will be shown in the followingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Rules can be created within the software and then applied to policies which are deployed to machines chosen. These rules can generate warnings to the user and also email alerts to administrators upon policy breach. Reports can be generated to allow for auditing and drilldown summaries of use of data and users actions. Along with being able to completely block specific actions DG can also ask for justification from a user which is a form of Soft Blocking (DG, 2006). This type of DLP can also allow for a monitoring only approach, which   according to ( http://www.networkcomputing.com/wireless/time-to-take-action-against-data-loss.php) can be more   successful than a blocking solution. It can be used assist in computer forensics investigations whether it would be monitoring triggered rules by prohibited actions that breach corporate policy or more sinister illegal activity. According to (http://www.networkcomputing.com/wireless/time-to-take-action-against-data-loss.php)   The beginning of the investigative process is to find out what was being sent, where, and by whom. Is it legitimate business reasons? Maliciously? They didnt know any better? Blocking may keep the data safe, but it wont answer those questions. (http://www.networkcomputing.com/wireless/time-to-take-action-against-data-loss.php) There are functions within the tool that can block the removal of confidential data via clipboard actions (cut/paste/print screen).   add on features such as mail/file encryption and content inspection by Autonomyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (company name) (Verdasys 2006) Figure (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) shows the capabilities of the software, How the software works Digital Guardian installs drivers that tie into the Operating System (O/S) at a very low level within the kernel. When an application wants to save a file, it calls a function within the application that does this, and that the O/S handles the task, right down to the kernel that does the hard work, without application writers having to know the details.DG ties into that kernel, detects these events happening, extract useful details (like the filename and size etc), and then send the details onto the DG server. The advantage of this is that any application saving a file will have to get the O/S to do it, so tying in at that very low level ensures it works for virtually all applications. Any more Installation oh god try and remember!! Installation details of .. appendix. windows server,   SQL Server, DG Server, DG Agents,   Hardware and Software à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ pre , key etc. Detailed in the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Digital Guardian files.   Limitations  Ã‚   - FIND some Digital Guardian is mainly used for insider threats and doesnt lessen external threats by intruders or malicious attacks. It also does not address server and network vulnerabilities. (http://www.software.co.il/data-security/17-data-loss-prevention-shoppers-guide.html) No functionality to actually block users downloading applications (CHECK THIS) and running them if not already blocked within Application Management. The software has to be installed on the network to be able to block the use of it. check!! No rule to be able to block all attachments sent via emailcheck Scalability challenge of maintaining classifications of Windows shares/content (http://www.software.co.il/data-security/17-data-loss-prevention-shoppers-guide.html) Chapter 4: Testing and Implementation Policy Exception USB Encrypt Email Prompt Encrypt Mail Rule Encrypted Email Password Application Management Application Management Exceptions Application Management Exceptions Block of Applications Prompt Upload Via Webmail Upload via Webmail Prompt Block upload via webmail sites. This rule controls users access. Instead of completely blocking their access to certain sitesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Can access the specified sites but can not upload to these sites. For example social networking sites like Facebook. Stops the sending of attachments via webmail.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ If laptop accessed from outside of network these rules will still functionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. NEED BETTER SCREEN SHOT THAN THIS IS THERE A COMPONENT RULE FOR THIS? Control of USB Devices Block non-approved USB devices Within DG it is possible to block all uploads to all USB devices, thus preventing all users from removing any data from the network. It is also possible to block uploads to USB devices with the exception of predefined USB devices. For example if a business provides users with an encrypted USB device (such as Kingston.) a rule is created to say block all USB device if stated device is not listed in the component rule associated. The USB device is recognised by its Product ID and Vendor ID. These IDs can be discovered by using a simple tool such as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Block non approved USBs Above is the control rule called Block non approved USBs. This rule is set to block any File Copy/Move/SaveAs to a removable device that is not listed within the function (component control rule) approved usb device. Component rule for USB Approved Within the approved usb device component rule is the Vendor Id and Product Id for the approved USB device(s). USB Block Prompt If the USB device inserted does not match the predefined approved removable device then the above prompt is triggered. This prompt is flexible and any message the administrator wishes to set will be displayed. Once Close is selected no data can then be transferred to the device. This way if the USB device is lost/stolen it is encrypted so would be extremely difficult to view any sensitive contents on the device without knowing the password. This rule could be useful for businesses where their employees have to travel regularly (eg Sales) and so data needs to be easily transportable. Obviously this rule does not stop users from stealing the data but does assist with accidental loss. The software could still be used to monitor who/what/how much data is being transferred to these devices. BETTER SCREEN SHOT Content inspection rulesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Look into TRY AND CRACK/BREAK THESE RULES. Manually blocking USB within the Registry It is possible to manually block all USB devices via the registry. The following steps were taken from Microsofts Support site (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/823732). Before manually adapting the registry it is strongly recommended that a backup of the registry is made as any errors made within the registry can cause severe problems.   To enter the registry of the computer from the Start menu click Run and enter regedit.   Find the registry key : HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesUsbStor. On the right hand side double click Start as highlighted in figureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.   Ensure Hexadecimal is highlighted and enter 4 within Value data. This will now block all USB devices being used on this machine. When a device is plugged into the machine the device will not be acknowledged. To re-enable USB devices follow the same steps above but change the Value data back to the default value of 3. Chapter 5: Analysis of results founded by Digital Guardian.   Digital Guardian Technology   ANY IMPROVEMENTS FOR DG Chapter 6: Critical review of other products Having assessed an Endpoint (agent based) DLP tool, secondary research was conducted on a Network DLP tool, Websense Data Security, for comparison. Figure below is a table of brief pros and cons for different DLP measures available, taken from informationweek.com . Analyse table Taken from (http://www.informationweek.com/1163/163ss_impactassessment690.jhtml;jsessionid=WA0XH3S4GN0CTQE1GHPSKH4ATMY32JVN) WhenDLPvendors are being honest, theyll readily admit they cant stop the serious and skilled insider from getting data out. (http://www.networkcomputing.com/wireless/time-to-take-action-against-data-loss.php)Their real significance is in finding employees who are accidentally leaking data, those who dont know its against policy or who are taking risky shortcuts to get their jobs done. Websense Data Security is a network based DLP tool with forward proxy.   According to a review by (http://www.software.co.il/data-security/17-data-loss-prevention-shoppers-guide.html) it is typically used for monitoring email traffic and quarantining suspect messages. It requires placing an application-layer proxy next to an Exchange server or server agent. With a network based DLP such as Websense it avoids having to install an agent onto every machine, and instead involving installing network taps. As data passes through these it is checked, and events collected that way. According to(http://www.networkcomputing.com/wireless/time-to-take-action-against-data-loss.php) Network-based solutions have the potential to be more vulnerable to an insider threat. An insider can steal data out via thenetwork, using encryption or steganography (where data is embedded within another data format). Unlike DG a network-based tool would not prevent a user plugging in a USB stick and copying files, it also would not log that this event had even occurred. TYPE UP MORE COMPARISONS Still, an even somewhat paranoid but unskilled insider can use a cell phone or digital camera to photograph documents on the screen. No form ofDLPcan protect against that. (http://www.networkcomputing.com/wireless/time-to-take-action-against-data-loss.php) Installing   a DLP tool is not the be all and end all protection against threats and as emphasised earlier in this report a combination of measures needs to be addressed. Chapter 7: Conclusion and Future Work. Highlight any deficiencies etc Ethical Traking employees? ANY IMPROVEMENTS FOR DG   .Many different aspects to consider Link intro with conclusion. Verizon other factors p3 . The best security technology in the world wont produce a good return on investment without the foundation of security processes, policies, and education. P8 Cisco data leakage. if you have never experienced a security incident, does this mean that you are secure? Or does it just mean that, so far, you have been lucky? computer insecurity book in short no one is immune computer insecurity book More.. Glossary Bibliography Online Sources ICO. (2010), Press Release: Data Breaches to Incur up to  £500,000 penalty, [Online]. Available at [Accessed 31st January 2010]. (2009),Unacceptable Level of Data Loss, [Online]. Available at [Accessed 1st February 2010]. FSA. (2007), Final Notice to Nationwide Building Society, [Online]. Available at [Accessed 26th January 2010] (2009), Previous Cases of Missing Data [Online]. Available at   [Accessed 12th January 2010] Broom, A. (2008),When financial data goes missing.[Online]. Available at [Accessed 3rd February 2010] ICO. (date unknown), The Basics . [Online] Available at [Accessed 2nd February 2010] Journals GAO. (2007), What GAO Found, Report to Congressional Requesters Verizon Business (2009), Data Breach investigations Report Ponemon Institute. (2009), As Employees Exit so does Corporate Data, Data Loss Risks During Downsizing Ponemon Institute. (2006), 2006 Annual Study: Cost of a Data Breach CFO Research Services, Crowe Chizek and Company LLC. (2008), The Changing Landscape of Risk Management Appendices