Hu Jintao

Hu Jintao Since the beginning of civilization dictators have taken over and ruled there people. While some dictators are cruel and ruthless, others desire happiness of their people. Some acquire their power by force, while others go through the process fairly. Once in power it is important to keep ones people in control through laws and policies. In George Orwell's Animal Farm, one can compare the rise to fame, rules and policies, and cruelties and atrocities of Napoleon to that of the dictator Hu Jintao.One thing that sets Jintao apart from Napoleon is that somewhat low key way he ose to power. Hu Jintao began his political career at the bottom of the ladder and eventually climbed his way to the top (galegroup. com 2003). In 1982 Jintao was named party secretary of Guizhou Province by Hu Yaobank, a communist party officer. Once receiving this position he worked his way up to the title of president of china in 2003. Opposite of Jintao, Napoleon rose to power by force and cruel act (O rwell). Napoleon immediately named himself the leader of Animal Farm after old major died.When feeling threatened by his co-leader Snowball, he has him chased ff the farm by his guard dogs. Similar to the contrast of the rises to power, their actions as dictators also contrast greatly. While Napoleon is a leader of force and absolute control, Jintao is more about prosperity of China. Jintao had â€Å"shown that he can work effectively with others both those above and below his rank and with those of different governments† (galegroup. com 2004). Hu Jintao has tried successfully to rule china and its people to a state of prosperity.He has transformed the policies of China to upport this goal, while closely sheltering his people from the outside world. As Hu Jintao continued to lead China to prosperity napoleon inadvertently led the animals to destruction (Orwell). As leader, Napoleon made the animals inferior by creating laws that gave the pigs more rights. He changed many of t he commandments to support his desire of absolute power. As dictators create these many policies, the republic naturally begins to resent them and in some cases they rebel.As the nation's people began to question the actions of the government, many ictators resort violence as a way to control masses. Although not as major cruelties as Napoleon, Jintao has also committed some crimes as president. (history. com). while attempting to shelter the nation, Jintao has quietly been accused of crimes against the people of China. As a member of the communist party, Jintao was accused of human rights atrocities. While Jintao crimes are hidden and minor, Napoleon crimes are major and unimaginable (Orwell).Napoleon forced many of the animals to confess their unlawfulness and then shot and killed each one. He also sent boxer to be slaughtered at a glue factory once he was injured. As a dictator, Jintao and Napoleon committed unforgettable crimes. In George Orwell's Animal Farm, one can compare th e rise to fame, rules and policies, and cruelties and atrocities of Napoleon to that of the dictator Hu Jintao. He had a normal rising to power while Napoleon forced himself to be a ruler. Hu tried to destruction. Hu did not do any major atrocities, only being accused of minor crimes while Napoleon killed many.

Discourse Community Paper

Analyzing Discourse Communities Then and Now As students grow older in life and in school their written as well as, their oral communication will mature and become more sophisticated. I will be informing you of how my written and spoken communication skills have gotten better throughout my years in high school and how they have improved being in college. I will first do this by talking about how my communication was in high school football and how it compares in college. Secondly, I will focus on my current major of communications and how my public speaking has changed over the years.Lastly, I will talk about the oral and written communication within the real estate profession. Communication in football has to be the most important aspect on the field. If a team desires to be successful they must be great communicators. Players need to communicate effectively with each other to play well as a team. Communication not only means simply talking to each other, but non verbal communicatio n plays a vital part in being a successful team. Being able to direct teammates using hand signals is a very important factor.Using verbal and non verbal communication together can be effective in completing a pass, a tackle, or kicking a game winning field goal. Playing football without communicating is impossible and would make winning extremely difficult. Communication does not only have to do with getting the plays from player to player, it also has to do with motivating the team and being a positive leader on and off the field. If a captain is discouraging or belittling to teammates they are not going to put in the effort for practice or games.I had a lot of trouble with this in high school with teammates putting down other players and it resulted in the same effect. They didn’t want to be at practice and it lead to some of my teammates to quitting. Now that I play at the college level the camaraderie and attitudes have turned a complete 180. As a whole, we have the same mentality and the best intentions by wanting to get better each and every day. Along with spoken and non verbal communication in football, believe it or not, we actually have written communication as well. A football play is nly a bunch of X’s and O’s until written down. Teams may have hundreds of plays and will remember all of these by constantly writing them down. We also have to write in our playbooks the blocking schemes for the week, depending on who the opponent is. Additionally, every player is required to take a class about coaching and football. We write out our own practice schedules and at the end of the year we complete a one page essay describing what we have learned about being in the coaches shoes. As for my major of communications, there is a great deal of writing along with plenty of oral speeches.When writing or preparing a speech in high school I would procrastinate more often than not and wing it at the last minute. I would be extremely nervous whe n talking in front of people. In comparison, now that I am older and have communications as my area of study I have taken it a lot more seriously. I now take the necessary time and pride in planning out what I have to say in an outline and utilize brainstorming sessions. I feel I have grown in both my written and spoken communication as a public speaker from high school to now being in college.Orally when talking about communications that’s mainly all there is, but like I stated before there are outlines and brainstorming ideas that students use. When it comes to public speaking our speech is all about how well we present it. There are many different factors that go into how well students can orally present their speech. Some of which include; confidence when presenting in front of a large crowd and how well a student prepared for this topic. With that said, I have also learned to relax and control how nervous I get by ensuring that I am confident about the material and well prepared for the presentation.Finally I will be talking about written communication in real estate. When my dad first started in real estate it was all done at a kitchen table or at an office desk. Today it can be done virtually. Realtors can check all their email, faxes, contracts and more by using a phone. The industries future is mobile. For example, some agents today use DOC U SIGN and/or Digital Ink which enables Agents and clients both to electronically sign required documents from anywhere in the world. Therefore, written communication is now taking out the human factor in real estate and having o verbally communicate to a client is becoming less and less important. Yes, verbal communication still takes place, but it is becoming not as much of a factor. It now has less to do with your personal appearance because most of everything done today is digital. Clear communication is more essential because real estate agents need to be able to convince possible clients to work with t hem. And when agents don’t have the opportunity to work with clients face to face they need to make a great first impression.With everything that has been said throughout my essay I do agree that spoken communication is a vital part in communicating effectively. However at the same time I feel that written communication in anything today is becoming the new normal. Whether it is in your discourse community of football, the area of study such as communications, or in my future career path of real estate, communication being verbal or written will always be there. It will also determine and be an important factor in how successful you are in life.

Gender and Sexuality in Sports Essay - 973 Words

Gender and Sexuality in Sports When individuals, male or female, decide to enter a non-traditional sport for his/ her gender, there will inevitably be benefits and costs. Because sports themselves are divided along gender and race lines, one would expect that individuals who intend to play a sport deemed by culture and by society as counterintuitive are bound to be criticized and alienated because of their choices. Difference automatically threatens conventions, traditions, and expectations, and hence, it threatens the individuals who belong to that traditional sphere. Because sports are affected as much by funding as they are by issues of diversity and accessibility, the following questions address those issues: which group of people†¦show more content†¦Women, however, are perceived by society as the gentler sex. Women are thought of as nurturers, mothers, daughters, but they are not thought of as being physically strong or physically capable of being strong. Once women began to enter the sports world, their coaches and spectators had different standards for them. They were expected to look feminine, to wear feminine uniforms, and to compete against each other but to have no physical contact with other players. The fact is that when women first began to play sports they were still something to be objectified. They were something to survey, and they had to be pleasing to the eye (mens eyes). I want foxes, not oxes (Ed Temple, Tennessee State 1952). This statement reinforces societys expectations regarding not only the ways women are supposed to look as they are engaged in a sport but it also gives credibility to the type of sports women are traditionally allowed to play. Because gender constructions have been so influential in deciding what positions men and women occupy in the world and what part of ones identity should be reinforced in the activities one chooses to engage in, men and womens involvement in sports that do not reflect cultural and/or societal expectations like weight lifting, body building, boxing for women, and synchronized swimming, figure skating, field hockey for men can result in a number of conflicts. It can lead to social,Show MoreRelatedFemale Gender And Sexuality Constructed Through Sport3418 Words   |  14 PagesHow is female gender and sexuality constructed through sport? Within sport, as throughout society, gender differences exist. The socially constructed phenomenon of gender dictates a dichotomous system whereby females are feminine and males are masculine. Focusing on females specifically, society determines the feminine traits and roles ascribed to this gender. Being domesticated, slender, passive and heterosexual are a part of the desirable appearance that society has formed surrounding femininityRead More Societal Views on Sports and Gender Essay846 Words   |  4 PagesSocietal Views on Sports and Gender Sports have become a major part of American culture and society. It is ingrained in us as a small child that playing a sport is almost necessary. In elementary school we take physical education where we are exposed to competitive sport. But even at this level it is our genders that control which types of sports are deemed appropriate. Since women started to become involved in sports, there have always been those who have opposed them being there. We sawRead MoreSex Tests And Gender Policies Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagesup normative ideas about bodies, genders and sexualities in order to preserve the societal hierarchy that greatly benefits them. White, cisgender, heterosexual males are often at the top of this hierarchy and are the active perpetrators of their imposed rigid standards. Categories are created by these dominant groups to exercise their control and those who do not fit or refuse to categorize themselves are punished, either metaphorically or literally. In the sports realm, these norms are ubiquitousRead MoreThe Effects Of Queer Theory On Post Secondary Sport Teams1397 Words   |  6 PagesDRAFT ASSIGNMENT The Effects of Queer Theory On Post-Secondary Sport Teams Shayna Stoymenoff SDS378 Instructor: David Pereira February 29, 2016 The issue of sexuality in sports is highly complex and controversial. Through queer theory, it enables one to challenge traditional and heteronormative assumptions regarding gender and sexuality by reconstructing labels used for sexual identification, emphasizing both physical and mental strength and skill among British male university students and rejectingRead MoreAnalysis Of A Miniature Lit 1742 Words   |  7 PagesJarvis Washington Miniature Lit Review Introduction Gender inequality in sport is a hot button issue in our society today. Women, for the most part, have been on the short end of the stick for centuries in reference to participation in sports. Way back in Ancient times, women were not even allowed to watch the Olympics games because they were deemed â€Å"ladylike†. Women slowly began to play sports beginning in the 1800s. Some notable events were the first all-women’s golf tournament in Scotland inRead More Black Women in Sports: Sexuality and Athleticism Essay935 Words   |  4 PagesBlack Women in Sports: Sexuality and Athleticism Men and women who chose to engage in sports from which they would traditionally be discouraged because of their gender, particularly as professionals, redefine the sport. The social and cultural costs are not the result of the individuals participation, but rather the way in which sports have been socially, politically, and economically constructed. Gender is only one of the few ways in which people are categorized according to their proficiencyRead MoreThe Body, Gender, And Sexuality964 Words   |  4 PagesAllise Sellers Unit 2 Reading Response The body, gender, and sexuality are intertwined concepts that have been simplified to a point that attempts to explain each of these characteristic constructs purely through biology. However, ignoring the social implications in various cultures takes away from the complex analysis these foundational human descriptors actually deserve. In the writings of R.W. Connell, Suzanne Kessler, S.E. Smith, Lisa Wade, Riki Wilchins, and Patricia Hill Collins, these authorsRead MoreSocio-Cultural Influences On Sexuality. Socio-Cultural1156 Words   |  5 PagesSocio-Cultural Influences on Sexuality Socio-cultural influence plays a major role in sexual behaviors. It gives a better comprehension on why men are men and women are women. These socio-cultural are influenced by physical, emotional, cultural and economic aspects. Time and time again research has proven that socio-cultural influences have a significant role in human sexuality. Culture is the manner of life of the people. Thus, culture shapes the ideas of what behaviors are acceptable for men andRead Moreâ€Å"Transsexual and Transgender Policies in Sport†, Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesPolicies in Sport†, the vast variety of genders that make up our society today including transsexuals and transgender are still not accepted into the world of sports due to anxieties from large sporting organizations. In our culture, there is a ‘binary structure’ which separates male from female. When a person is transsexual or transgender, the binary structure becomes challenged. There are so many exceptions t o the binary structure, that it becomes nearly impossible to universalize â€Å"gender inclusiveRead MoreDo A Fast Food Commercial That Will Become Explicit As This Paper984 Words   |  4 Pagescommercial for this assignment because it is a good example of intersectionality with different cultural identifiers: gender, athlete, fast food, and a bit of sexuality. The four cultural differences are all interweaved in a very interesting way; however, let’s discussed each one. With Ronda, gender comes up very quickly. A female that can fight at this level shouts volumes for not only gender roles, but also cultural values. The cultural of men or woman has changed over the course of time—change has been

The Myers Briggs Personality Test - 1478 Words

In the first week of class, we were asked to complete the Myers Briggs Personality test, and then to read up on our results. Once I had completed the typology â€Å"test†, I received my results in the form of four letters: INTJ, and afterwards, I decided to view what the four letters represented. Likewise, once I had begun to read the explanation provided by the website, I found that I was agreeing with several of the sentiments, as I felt it not only described my personality to near perfection, but also for the reason of how it was allowing me to come to better understand and accept myself. In other words, I felt that the results were self-fulfilling since they reflected upon who I am, and also, who I am not. For instance, I have found that†¦show more content†¦The reason for this was surprising was due to the fact I tended to side with all of the components in thinking, with the exception of avoiding arguments and conflict, rather than debating for fun (Abramson, 20 17, Lecture on Professional Identity the Skills of Counselling). Hence, I felt that was a little bit peculiar to know that I preferred one drastically over the other, yet the test found I only had a slight or no preference at all. Additionally, I feel as though the test also allows for us to realize the advantages and disadvantages we have by preferring one dichotomy. For illustration, in terms of self-awareness, in order to have effective self-awareness (and be effective in our future careers), it is vital that we do not avoid our emotions, but also regulate them (Shebib, 2017, pg. 22). Yet, with my preference of â€Å"thinking†, I tend to avoid my emotions to invite rational decisions, while on the other hand, individuals with the dichotomy preference of â€Å"feeling†, might be more in tune with their emotions; however, they may not be able to fully regulate them. In addition, if we then are better aware of our personality, we then can use this to help benefit the relationships we have with others and ourselves, as we can be conscious of the preferences that may negatively affect our relationships with others, and then perhaps adjustShow MoreRelatedThe Myers Briggs Personality Test1378 Words   |  6 PagesFor the Myers Briggs personality test I am an ISTP when I am stress and when I am at my best. I was surprised with these results due to the fact that my freshman year in the Harold Leadership Academy I was required to take the Myers Briggs assessment and scored the letters INFJ. I find myself leaning more towards INFJ because the test was at least seventy-five questions. When reading the definitions of ISTP and INFJ I find that I would agree with my personality having a little bit of both. The MyersRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Personality Test1369 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper describes the results of the Myers-Briggs personality types of extravert, intuitive, thinking, and judging (ENTJ). These personality results identify potential care ers and occupations, communication types, and partner compatibility information. The research will describe the validity of each personality trait and the characteristics associated with the personality of ENTJ. Additionally, the research is beneficial for my career to gain an understanding of how I can apply my strengthsRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Personality Test1278 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Myers-Briggs personality test was created; to understand diversity and help us learn and become better individuals to the world at large. This paper evaluates the results of my Myers-Briggs test and how it applies in my personal life and career. Furthermore, I discuss what I have learned and how it it would benefit me in the future. ïÆ' ¼Needs work The Myers-Briggs personality test is designed to categorize human personality and behavior. Based on Carl Jung’s theory, Katherine C. Briggs and herRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Personality Test768 Words   |  4 PagesLindsey Osbon Mrs. Brennan English II H - 6th 5 September 2014 Lindsey Madison Osbon: The Supervisor Who would have known that four letters can describe a person in complete detail! The Myers Briggs Personality Test can explain your own personality better than you ever thought you could. My personality falls under ESTJ, which stands for extraverted, sensing, thinking, judging. ESTJ s are usually hard workers that use logic and tradition to complete things efficiently while staying organizedRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Personality Test1343 Words   |  6 Pagesour personality type and temperament allows us to leverage our strengths and to recognize areas of weakness. This can also be extended to our interactions with others, so that we attempt to recognize the personality and temperaments of those around us, i.e. Typewatching, in order to facilitate more efficient and effective communication. In so doing, we can become better employees, managers, spouses, children, and, ultimately, for the Christian, more like Christ. The Myers-Briggs Personality TestRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Pe rsonality Test1166 Words   |  5 Pagesdevices attempt to tell us our personalities, or our combination of traits and behaviors that make up who we are. However, psychologists today deviate from those unsubstantiated methods and have concocted various personality tests that give us a better understanding of who we are. One such test is called the Myers-Briggs personality test. Based on theories by Carl Jung, but primarily created by Isabel Briggs Myers and her mother, Katharine Cook Briggs, the test gives people a standardized surveyRead MoreMyer Briggs Personality Test : Myer1516 Words   |  7 Pages Myer-Briggs Personality Test When taking the Myer-Briggs personality test I was somewhat nervous about my results because I was learning about myself answering the questions even before I completed the assessment. My results for the personality assessment were INFJ which means introverted intuitive feeling judging. According to the humanmetrics article, INFJs are distinguished by both their complexity of character and the unusual range and depth of their talents. The article also suggests theyRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Personality Test923 Words   |  4 Pagesto God that he gave me stubbornness when I know I am right†. John Adams, like myself was introverted, intellectual, thinking, and judging, or an INTJ on the Myers Briggs personality test. Like all INTJs, Adams was stubborn and flouted the ideas of others that he did not agree with. By using my results from the Meyers Briggs personality test, I can examine how I react to certain things and use this to improve my Spirituality, my relationship with God, and ultimately my relationship with others throughRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Personality Test2071 Words   |  9 PagesThe Myers-Briggs Personality Test is discussed in two steps. In Step 1, the results of my Myers-Briggs Personality test are discussed while going into detail about each letter. Real life examples are provided for context of each letter. The weaknesses of each letter are also discussed. In Step 2, the lessons learned about how it relates to organizational behavior and to my specific organization are discussed. Project 1: Myers-Briggs Personality Test Discussion The Myers-Brigg Typology test is designedRead MoreMyers Briggs Personality Test : Evaluation997 Words   |  4 Pagesweek’s assignment will focus on Myers-Briggs personality test, which will include results from the Jung typology test. I have learned that my Jung Typology results is a ENTJ which put me in the Executive type of leadership position. ENTJ I will discuss ENTJ personality as a whole and the meaning of each letter within the results. Finally I will touch up on what I have learned as a whole and how to improve myself within my organization. ENTJ ENTJ according to Myers-Briggs are naturally born leaders and

The Unexplained Puzzle Into Speech Essay Samples

The Unexplained Puzzle Into Speech Essay Samples A Startling Fact about Speech Essay Samples Uncovered It reduces the degree of stress by casting into the shade the numerous pressures of everyday life. Do everything you can to engage the audience. When you have the proper knowledge you also need to learn to deliver it in the most convincing method. Do not waste the opening by giving the main message first. The topic will find out the concentration and attention you receive from the audience. In addition, the theme needs to be captivating to the audience. Pay attention to your general message. Every one of these sections aim at developing the central subject of the speech. New Ideas Into Speech Essay Samples Never Before Revealed Whether you locate a sample on your specified topic or a closely related discussion, all the speeches will be able to help you get organized and focused. Essays are speeches are being written on the grounds of researches that is happening in this discipline. Speeches are easy to write and present. When you compose a persuasive essay speech make certain that it is both factual and informative. Write a couple of sentences to remind your audience tips that you have expressed in the introduction. Deciding a topic has become the most important role in informative essay writing. When writing a speech, it's important to get topic sentences that represent the principal points that support the major theme. Just visit the search field, put in your topic and realize the list of essays collected from our site. What You Need to Do About Speech Essay Samples If you're busy with their other responsibilities, you've come to the correct spot. It requires adequate preparation and planning and in some instances it's simpler to order the speech at ghostwriting service. You should begin with gathering information about various aspects. When students collaborate with our academic scholars, they don't have to be concerned about the last effect of using our services. Persuasive speech topics aren't restricted to any area. To begin with, you should understand what a speech entails. If you're frightened of giving a speech, we can assist you. An informative speech is all but the exact same as a demonstrative speech but differs in the simple fact it does not take advantage of demonstrations. Speech Essay Samples - the Story Speakers who give demonstrative speeches also make usage of presentations which include the usage of pictures and designs which help to reinforce the message. It's worth to get the most effective persuasive speech topics from experts than to do it yourself and don't fulfill the mandatory standard of a university student's speech. If you wish to learn to compose a speech, you will certainly require some strategies and advices. If your speech is very confusing or it follows a complicated path with lots of of acronyms, look at building a PowerPoint presentation with a couple slides that give a visual aid. The Battle Over Speech Essay Samples and How to Win It You can't just offer a plain and easy start a speech whenever your goal is to let them understand and believe every word you say. Hence in everybody's definition another will locate a flaw in the way that they may see the speech community. You are most likely thinking of a clever way on the best way to escape from the circumstance where you most likely have not ever imagined. It primarily is made up of what you would usually find in a fundamental introduction when meeting a person for the very first moment. The very first step to writing a very good speech is choosing the correct or suitable topic. Don't worry, even if you've got zero idea on what to write in your speech, we can help you locate your motivation and an ideal topic. In order in order to persuade your preferred target audience to agree with your standpoint, picking an excellent persuasive speech topic is vital. Persuasive speech examples are the best-fit option for everyone who does not have any concept of the way to start the assignment and the way to guarantee the last copy is spot on. The Chronicles of Speech Essay Samples Individuals that are sensitive, who might cry or get upset. People do get a great deal of money in Casinos. Freedom is really the most fundamental duty of every individual on earth.

Diagnosis And Treatment Of Erythema And Dyspigmentation - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Diagnosis And Treatment Of Erythema And Dyspigmentation. Answer: Aetiology and Pathogenesis The patient came to the clinic with erythema and dyspigmentation. The patient history showed that the patient spend substantial time in the sun. The Anglo-Saxon background of besides the difficulty in tanning classifies the patient as Fitzpatrick skin Phototype II. This is as the skin burns easily, tans with difficulty, and has white constitutive colour. The Fitzpatrick skin photypes are base on the skin color of an individual, and the responses of the skin to sun exposure with respect to the measures of burning and tanning form the basis of classification (Sachdeva, 2009). Furthermore, the characteristic irregular alterations in pigmentation, reticulate pattern, reddish coloration, irregular but symmetrical distribution of pigmentation, and hyperpigmentation associated with superficial atrophy, is indicative of Cervical Poikiloderma. The condition was first described by Achilles Civatte, a French dermatologist, a common benign form of dermatosis (Civatte, 1923). It mostly affects fa ir skinned people, in the fourth to seventh decade of their life. With respect to the case study patient, the cumulative exposure to sun due to spending lot of time in garden could have resulted in respective pathophysiology. This could also have been aggravated by the direct application of fragrance on skin. It is also important to notice that the area of skin shaded by skin has not developed the respective dermatologic condition. Cervical Poikiloderma, has a debated aetiological and pathogenesis, however cumulative sun exposure has been dictated to play a central role in disease causation and development. The age and sex influencing the hormonal factors have also been attributed to contribute to disease development. The low level of oestrogen during menopause is one of the prominent factors. In context of the present patient, the fragrance acts an exacerbating factor, as it contains photodynamic substances which can induce photoallergic or phototoxic reactions (Placzek, Frmel, Eberlein, Gilbertz, Przybilla, 2007). As the patient presents all these causal factors, therefore the genetic factors cannot necessarily be implicated for disease causation. Similar conclusions were also drawn by Katoulis et al. (2002) in their study which evaluated the role of contact sensitization and photosensitivity in Cervical Poikiloderma 32 patients. The exposure to ultra violet radiations have been regarded as the reason for ch anges induced in connective tissue, which ultimately results in development of the respective histological characteristics. The reticulate pigmentation develops die to delayed hypersensitivity reaction to fragrance. Hence, contact sensitization due to cosmetic ingredients contained in fragrance and perfumes contributes to development of Cervical Poikiloderma (Khunkhet Wattanakrai, 2014). To treat the condition photoprotective measures are a pre-requisite, facilitated with advanced laser treatments such as selective photothermolysis or intense pulsed light treatment. Therefore, for the given patient a suitable treatment methodology, as mentioned below has been planned. Treatment plan The treatment of diagnosed condition is possible through lasers such as potassium titanyl phosphate, argon, pulsed dye laser, and light treatments using intense pulsed light. However, the use of lasers at times proves to be ineffective, inefficient, or inconvenient in treating the condition. Also, adverse side effects of these treatments might involve hypopigmentation, hyperpigmentation, and scarring, post treatment (Goldman Weiss, 2001). Furthermore, the treatment of Cervical Poikiloderma demands the addressal of both pigmented and vascular lesions simultaneously. The laser treatments thus failed to reach the optimal level of treatment effect, and present variable levels of lesion clearance. Therefore, Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) treatment proves to be an effective modality. The IPL treatment includes a laser like device using a flash lamp which produces polychromatic light in the broad spectrum of 515-1200 nm. This treatment also allows for the adjustment of duration, and number of pulses, besides exercising control over pulse delay, and fluency as per requirements. Owing to this flexibility the treatment finds application for a wide range of dermatological conditions such as vascular lesions, photoepilation, and removal of pigmented lesions. With respect to Cervical Poikiloderma the technique is used to target the lesions, by utilizing selective photothermolysis, targeting the melanin, oxyhaemoglobin, and chromophores. The pigmentary and vascular components of the conditions determine the cur off filters to be used (Elsaie, Vejjabhinanta, Martins, Nouri, 2010). With respect to vascular lesions, the one limitation associated with laser treatment is the lack of achievement of acceptable results. IPL poses the advantage of minimal postprocedure downtime due to lack of development of postoperative purpura. Also, as it is characterized with polychromaticity IPL is used to target oxyhaemoglobin found in red lesions (418 nm), deoxygenated haemoglobin found in blue lesions (542 nm), and methemoglobin (577 nm). The facial telangiectasis could be treated effectively with IPL using cut off filter of 590 nm, pulse time 2.4, 3.0 and 3.5 milliseconds, with a pulse delay 30 25 milliseconds. The red telangiectasis show improvement over 570 nm cut off, 2.8 and 4.5 millisecond pulse time, with a delay of 30 milliseconds. The other component of pigmented lesions could be treated using a wavelength range of 630 to 1 100 nm (Goldberg, 2012). However, prior treatment it is preferable for the patient to undergo treatment procedure for a test spot so as to check for the ability to tolerate the treatment plan. The multiple treatment sessions spaced 3-4 weeks apart would prove to be favourable, with number of sessions dependable on the improvement of appearance. The postoperative care procedures may involve the regular use of sunscreen, and hydroquinone. Wound healing process As mentioned above, the treatment of Cervical Poikiloderma demands the treatment of vascular lesions and pigmented lesions. The IPL technique generates polychromatic incoherent light of high intensity in the broad spectrum of 550 1200 nm, and targets the chromophores haemoglobin and its variants, namely oxyhaemoglobin, deoxyhaemoglobin, and methemoglobin. The telangiectasias, or the vascular lesions, are characterized with permanent dilation of superficial capillaries and venues which are proximal to the surface of skin or mucosa. IPL treats these vascular lesions by raising the temperature of effected blood vessels high enough so as to cause coagulation. The coagulated blood vessels are then destructed, and are biologically replace with fibrous granulation tissues, through normal body functioning. While treating vascular lesions it is important to keep into account the type and size of the vessels being targeted. The broader wavelength of IPL allows the pulse to reach the deep seat ed vessels, and thus the cavernous vascular lesions could also be targeted. The advantage of using IPL device is that it allows uniform heating of the vessel over longer periods of time, so as to reducing the risk of vessel rupture, associated purpura and hyperpigmentation. Henceforth, the larger vessels (300 microns) the thermal relaxation time is 100 milliseconds, whereas that for small sized vessels (100 microns) the relaxation time is 10 milliseconds (Goldberg, 2012; Wat, Wu, Rao, Goldman, 2014). On the other hand for the treatment of pigmented skin lesions the key determinant for selecting the most appropriate therapeutic wavelength is the localization of pigment target. The selected IPL wavelength in the range of 630 1100 nm is applicable for targeting the pigmented lesions. The mode of action involves rapid differentiation of the keratinocytes as induced by thermal heating. The differentiation process results in the transfer of melanosomes in upward direction, along with the necrotic keratinocytes. This ultimately results in the elimination of keratinocytes as microcrusts, which are removed from the surface of the skin. Therefore, IPL successfully removes the dense melanosomes from the basal layer of epidermis. Hydroquinone helps in suppressing the activity of the remaining active melanocytes (Yamashita et al., 2006). The lower cut off filters is used for treating the superficial pigmentation, whereas the higher cut off filters are used for treating deeper lesions. This i s because the longer pulse durations help in effective heating of the deeper vessels. IPL devices are regarded with high level of efficacy for the treatment of Cervical Poikiloderma. It also minimizes the risk of any possible side effects, scarring, purpura, hyperpigmentation and downtime (Husain Alster, 2016). Risks and potential complications Although IPL is associated with less risks and complications, still it is imperative to discuss some of the probable risks and potential complications associated with the chosen procedure. The foremost disadvantage associated with the technique is the lack of selectivity due to its versatility which includes the activation of all the three different chromophores in human blood. Although, the wide range of parameters such as pulse duration, frequency, fluency, and delay, makeup for this shortcoming, however this makes the technique safe in hands of a highly skilled and experienced dermatologist only. Hence, an inexperienced physician, or non medical staff pose the risk of invoking thermal damage to the skin, if the parameters are not set properly. This demands great adherence to standard guidelines for the purpose of using IPLs in treating vascular malformation especially. As the purpura development does not occur, the region of delivery of last pulse cannot be detected, which could p rove to be problematic. This could be overcome by including skip area, so as to avoid overlap between puleses. This skip area leaves footprint of dyspigmentation with respect to the neighbouring areas which have been subjected to treatment (AlNomair, Nazarian, Marmur, 2012). Another potential complication of the technique is the inconsistency of emitted spectrum and fluence, which could vary from pulse to pulse (Katoulis et al., 2002). Also, the IPL treatment for the pigmented lesions could result in formation of darkened and sloughed treated spot. The minimal side effects of the treatment involve transient post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, moderate erythema, ecchymosis and edema, and linear hypopigmentation (Feng, Zhao, Gold, 2008; Katoulis et al., 2002). Pang Wells (2008) reported the dyschromasia of both the upper eyelids as a side effect of IPL treatment. Also, absorption of light by iris during treatment could lead to bilateral ocular iritis, which might lead to irreversible ocular damage. On the contrary, even though the given patient has Type II skin, and not highly susceptible to development of dyspigmentation and scarring, still it is important to emphasize upon the necessity to use the present technique cautiously while treating patients w ith Type III to IV skin, and tanned skin. This emphasizes on the importance of assessing each patients skin type carefully before giving the treatment. Additionally, the African-American and Hispanics having Type IV-VI skin are also at higher of developing hyperpigmentation and scarring. This is due to the fact that pigmented skin tends to absorb 40% more energy than the non-pigmented skin. To counter this the pigmented skin tyoe individuals are recommended a topical solution of 4% hydroquinone and 0.1% tretinoin for 8 weeks post treatment (Aston, Steinbrech, Walden, 2012). Also, it is important to emphasize the patients upon the importance of avoiding sun post treatment, and using sunscreen to avoid post inflammatory hyperpigmentation. The patients also need to be informed about all the potential complication before they undergo anaesthesia for treatment. Topical care The treatment with IPL could lead to after sensations of mild sunburn, which can last up to 2 to 72 hours. The region might also be accompanied with mild swelling and redness, which takes up to 2-3 days to resolve. In order to relieve swelling or discomfort the application of cold compress is recommended. Also certain skin products such as Vaseline may also be applied on the broken skin to prevent infection. Further, additional topical treatment could help augment the impact of the procedural treatment. The retinoids such as Retin-A, could prove to be vital adjunctive treatment. There is a wide variety of cosmeceutical topical agents which contain glycolic acid, filagrin based anti-oxidants, azealic acid could also prove to be useful adjunctive treatments. As IPL is less aggressive, and presents very minimal side effects, one need not resort to the use of topical preparations, except for serious side effects. The patients can also use moisturizer twice a day to accelerate the process of peeling off of the crust. They can also perform microdermabrasion of the treated area after 1-2 days of treatment. Currently, researchers are also exploring the action of brinomidine cream in reducing the inflammation, redness, pain and swelling induced post IPL treatment. The research investigates the application of brimonidine cream as it has previously shown efficacy in reducing symptomatic erythema in patients suffering from rosacea. As the reduction of erythema is brought about due to vasoconstriction, thus brimonidine can further reduce odema and pain induced by IPL (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2018). References AlNomair, N., Nazarian, R., Marmur, E. (2012). Complications in lasers, lights, and radiofrequency devices. Facial Plastic Surgery, 28(3), 340346. Aston, S. J., Steinbrech, D. S., Walden, J. L. (2012). Aesthetic plastic surgery. Elsevier Health Sciences. Civatte, A. (1923). Poikilodermie reticulee pigmentaire du visage et du cou. Ann Dermatol Syphilol, 6, 605620. Elsaie, M. L., Vejjabhinanta, V., Martins, A. C., Nouri, K. (2010). Treatment of poikiloderma by pigment and vascular lasers. In M. Alam M. Pongprutthipan (Eds.), Body Rejuvenation (pp. 4751). Springer New York. Feng, Y., Zhao, J., Gold, M. H. (2008). Skin rejuvenation in Asian skin: The analysis of clinical effects and basic mechanisms of intense pulsed light. J Drugs Dermatol2, 7(3), 273279. Goldberg, D. J. (2012). Current trends in intense pulsed light. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol., 5(6), 4553. Goldman, M. P., Weiss, R. A. (2001). Treatment of poikiloderma of civatte onthe neck with an intense pused light source. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 107(6), 13761381. Husain, Z., Alster, T. S. (2016). The role of lasers and intense pulsed light technology in dermatology. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol., 9, 2940. Katoulis, A. C., Stavrianeas, N. G., Katsarou, A., Antoniou, C., Georgala, S., Rigopoulos, D., Katsambas, A. D. (2002). Evaluation of the role of contact sensitization and photosensitivity in the pathogenesis of poikiloderma of Civatte. British Journal of Dermatology, 147, 493497. Khunkhet, S., Wattanakrai, P. (2014). The possible role of contact sensitization to fragrances and preservatives in Poikiloderma of Civatte. Case Reports in Dermatology, 6(3), 258263. Pang, A. L., Wells, K. (2008). Bilateral anterior uveitis after intense pulsed light therapy for pigmented eyelid lesions. Dermatol Surg., 34(9), 12761279. Placzek, M., Frmel, W., Eberlein, B., Gilbertz, K. P., Przybilla, B. (2007). Evaluation of phototoxic properties of fragrances. Acta Derm Venereol., 87(4), 312316. Sachdeva, S. (2009). Fitzpatrick skin typing: applications in dermatology. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, 75(1), 93. U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2018). Topical brimonidine to reduce inflammation after IPL-treatment in patients With facial telangiectasias. Wat, H., Wu, D. C., Rao, J., Goldman, M. P. (2014). Application of intense pulsed light in the treatment of dermatologic disease: a systematic review. Dermatol Surg., 40(4), 359377. Yamashita, T., Negishi, K., Hariya, T., Kunizawa, N., Ikuta, K., Yanai, M., Wakamatsu, S. (2006). Intense pulsed light therapy for superficial pigmented lesions evaluated by reflectance-mode confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 126(10), 22812286.

What is criminology An Annotated bibliography an Example of the Topic Science and Technology Essays by

What is criminology? An Annotated bibliography The credibility of this book stems from the fact that is written by an expert in the field of criminology. This is demonstrated by his having been awarded the Teacher's Excellence Award by Mercyhurst College (2006) and recipient of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences Fellow Award (2000). The author, Frank E. Hagan, holds degrees from Case Western Reserve and Gannon, Maryland. Director of the James V. Kinnane Graduate Program in Administration of Justice, he has written many journal articles and authored seven other books: Research Methods in Criminal Justice and Criminology; Deviance and the Family; Political Crime; Crime Types and Criminals; Essentials of Research Methods in Criminal Justice; The Language of Research; and White Collar Deviance. Need essay sample on "What is criminology? An Annotated bibliography" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Content Analysis Criminology and crime are two distinct areas which have often been misused; sometimes being used interchangeably or applied in the wrong context (Siegel 2008). Having an understanding that criminology is a much wider subject area than crime; and that the latter forms one of the subsets of the former; is important for undergraduate students keen on studying criminology and the wider subject of sociology. That is why this book is especially for such undergraduate criminology and sociology students; offering them the much-needed introductory approach to an otherwise strange and wide area. Presenting criminology as an interdisciplinary subject dealing with studies of the nature, causes, extent, and control of criminal behavior (Siegel 2008), this book offers deep insights into the real world of crime and criminal behavior. It not only provides a theoretical framework of criminology but also the accompanying cases and real-life crimes in order to enable its users to better articulate the subject matter and be more appreciative of it in its entirety (Deflem 2006). College Students Frequently Tell EssayLab support:Who wants to write assignment for me?Professional writers propose:Help With Essay WritingWriting Essay Company Order Essay Online Review College Essay Writing Service Cheap Essay Help The book also pays a lot of attention to the various crime typologies that have not been included in the earlier editions; and is inclusive of critical Crime Files boxes which make it more appealing to readers by offering not only real-world but also well-known examples of all the various types of crime. As such, it enables the student who is just starting it out on this subject to develop a firm foundation upon which further learning could be built. Further, the book discusses the major criminological theories, and is inclusive of biosocial and psychosocial theories. That aside, the book discusses the latest computer crimes that have been brought about by technological advancement. Other critical areas covered are political, white collar (Israel et al. 2009), and organized crime; property crime, various types of violent crime, public order crime, and professional crime. Such content is bound to interest the undergraduate student through the development of a curiosity about criminal tendencies. The overall content of the book is vital to the subject matter. It extends beyond a mere definition of criminology to illustrate how it comes about and how it can be dealt with. The 7th edition has current information, and is written in an easy-to-understand manner. The language is credible, never seeking to portray people engaged in various acts of crime as outcasts but rather pointing to the responsibility of the entire society. Although basically building upon earlier editions, the book also incorporates information from a wide array of other sources, including cases and real-world examples. For instance, earlier editions did not contain anything about computer crime (Casey 2004). Neither was there any information regarding white collar crime. However, this edition is updated with a lot of case information about computer crime one of the leading and most costly modern-day crimes. Finally, the issue of terror-related crime (terrorism) is given consideration, a clear illustration o f the books in-depth coverage of emerging as well as traditional crimes (Hamm 2007). The reasoning of the author is very objective and so capable of appealing to all kinds of readership. References Casey, E 2004. Digital evidence and computer crime: forensic science, computers and the Internet. Academic Press Deflem, M 2006. Sociological Theory and Criminological Research: Views from Europe and the United States. Elsevier Hamm, M 2007. Terrorism as crime: from Oklahoma City to Al-Qaeda and beyond. NYU Press Israel, JH et al. 2009. White collar crime: law and practice. West Siegel, L 2008. Criminology. Cengage Learning